sustainability · 3657 comments ·

Coral Reefs as a Marker of Environmental Change

Coral Reefs as a Marker of Environmental Change

Coral is highly sensitive to its external environment. Changes in ocean temperature, pollution and run-off,  and pH (ocean acidification) can cause them to 'bleach' (1). When bleached, they can survive if optimal conditions return. However, if the stress is sustained, they will eventually die. As such, coral reefs are deeply threatened by environmental change and therefore make a good marker for the health of ocean ecosystems.

 

What is coral bleaching?

Coral live in a symbiotic relationship with microscopic, photosynthetic, algae called zooxanthellae (2). Like plants, the zooxanthellae capture sunlight and convert it into energy, providing essential nutrients to the coral (3). In return, the coral provides a protected environment for the zooxanthellae to live. Aside from providing nutrients, the zooxanthellae are also responsible for the colouring of many stony corals.

Under conditions of stress caused by changes in ocean temperature, agricultural run-off, and ocean acidification, resulting from human activities releasing CO2 into the atmosphere, the coral polyps expel their zooxanthellae, causing them to take on a white appearance, what is known as "coral bleaching" (4). The coral will not die instantly when the zooxanthellae is expelled, but if the period of stress is sustained, the zooxanthellae will be unable to re-enter the coral tissue, the coral will not get the essential nutrients it needs to survive.

What is left is the corals calcium carbonate skeleton. Algae begins to grow over the coral skeletons, blocking any chance of regrowth. After time, the skeletons will erode, resulting in the collapse of the reef structure. This collapse is not just an eyesore, it has catastrophic impacts for the ocean ecosystem, fisheries and local communities that depend on the reef for an income.

 

Why is it Important That we Protect Coral Reefs?

Habitat - Coral skeletons are an important component of the reef architecture and provide a habitat for 25% of all marine species (5). They provide shelter, spawning grounds and protection from predators. In their absence, fish stocks will decline, this has a knock-on effect to local communities who are reliant on fish for their main source of protein.

Tourism and Recreation - For coastal communities that are reliant on tourism for their income, the health of coral reefs is paramount to their survival. Ecotourism provides thousands of jobs and millions of dollars in income. It has been estimated that coral reefs have a global economic value of $36 billion per year (6).

Coastline Protection  - Coral reefs absorb 97% of a waves energy (7), acting as a buffer against storm events, such as hurricanes and tsunamis, to 150,000 km of global tropical coastlines in over 100 countries (8).

Pharmaceuticals - Due to the stationary nature of coral, it has developed a plethora of chemical defences in order to gain protection from predators and to fight disease. Coral is therefore becoming increasingly recognised as an important source of new drugs to treat diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's and arthritis.

 

What Can we do to Help?

Although small changes at home will make a difference (e.g. buying organic food as to not contribute to the use of pesticides and herbicides), the real issue here is climate change which requires global cooperation and action to reduce emissions and slow global warming. The death of coral reefs is not just a great loss to the ocean but it will greatly impact millions of people, in over 100 countries, who rely on the reefs for their income and as a food source.

 

References:

  1. https://science.sciencemag.org/content/328/5985/1523
  2. https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_corals/coral02_zooxanthellae.html#:~:text=Coral%20polyps%2C%20which%20are%20animals,water%20to%20carry%20out%20photosynthesis
  3. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs003380050249
  4. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1312064
  5. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/04/160404152918.htm
  6. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X17300635
  7. https://coast.noaa.gov/states/fast-facts/coral-reefs.html
  8. https://oceanwealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Atlas_of_Ocean_Wealth.pdf

3658 comments

Your comment was posted successfully! Thank you!

  • painkoenjy

    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/0c478a06-097b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/184b6c1d-097b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/1a4b6c1d-097b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/1c4b6c1d-097b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/57b4392b-097b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/93dad940-097b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/95dad940-097b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/dbff48bb-097b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://www.narumugainovels.com/threads/18870/
    https://www.narumugainovels.com/threads/18868/
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/078278a4-0a7b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/a71f71b2-0a7b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/fe4611c8-0a7b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/1cdff032-0b7b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/93d7833c-0b7b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/77f2614a-0b7b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/662cc859-0b7b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/897d1d68-0b7b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/b4d77773-0b7b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/c2a4447f-0b7b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/f0d4bb9d-0b7b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/cd2c2ba5-0b7b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/629266b8-0b7b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/dcb1a1ce-0b7b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/b5b058e6-0b7b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/54600af3-0b7b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/ccda60fd-0b7b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/0fc1de1a-0c7b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/0ee8cf28-0c7b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/274adb34-0c7b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/ac0d7a41-0c7b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/87f1dd4c-0c7b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/ffe69b66-0c7b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/1afd876f-0c7b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/f183707c-0c7b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/e21b6589-0c7b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/9ecc7094-0c7b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/d4b70f9e-0c7b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/6c72fba7-0c7b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/82a2fdba-0c7b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/be6b56d0-0c7b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/de0c7bf5-0c7b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/daf86a2a-0d7b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/faa8373c-0d7b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://meritforcustomers.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/9b3e6e47-0d7b-ef11-a4e5-6045bd86194f
    https://www.narumugainovels.com/threads/18871/
    https://network.propertyweek.com/members/status/show?id=28920584%3AStatus%3A432617
    https://community.goldencorral.com/members/status/show?id=28920604%3AStatus%3A12469886
    https://cofradesdegranada.ideal.es/members/status/show?id=28920644%3AStatus%3A3238889
    https://wokwi.com/projects/409985615968992257
    https://smartsnack.cl/en/blogs/news/beneficios-de-dejar-el-azucar-y-tips-para-lograrlo?comment=137142763698#comments
    https://convertopm.hashnode.dev/watch-a-free-lesson-about-sketchyland-epnot
    https://pastelink.net/r5mke1xi
    https://rentry.co/qt65iadu
    https://www.lomarfarms.com/blogs/news/people?comment=136541110577#comments
    https://paste.myst.rs/bjeeb89s
    https://paste.ee/p/rosBE
    https://glot.io/snippets/h09cspkc9p
    https://hackmd.io/@happinessinlife/r1wTDr-RR
    https://www.pastery.net/ccxvxf/
    https://paiza.io/projects/Dp8gpAkCN5LM5i7bgNb8gA?language=php
    https://telegra.ph/Watch-a-free-lesson-about-SketchyLand-EPNOT-09-25
    https://plaza.rakuten.co.jp/convertopm/diary/202409250000/
    https://paste.enginehub.org/DaUrYslsi
    https://paste.laravel.io/27990f62-981f-4397-b4b9-f5e2314f59b3
    https://ivpaste.com/v/MpStzscVtm
    https://paste.feed-the-beast.com/view/3dd54e8d
    https://paste.rs/1BPmQ.txt
    https://paste.vpsfree.cz/qmPM6R9x
    https://tiny-paste.com/139610/
    https://paste2.org/WcUHgYvC
    https://sebsauvage.net/paste/?1b0bf08dce9cd597#2uhSoZe/pgC3J3CTa3l1ajM3xf4zJ19EGw/ar9Z7C1g=
    https://ideone.com/gMcOdU
    https://muckrack.com/painko-enjy/bio
    http://aldenfamilydentistry.com/UserProfile/tabid/57/userId/912833/Default.aspx
    https://herbalmeds-forum.biolife.com.my/d/150472-watch-a-free-lesson-about-sketchyland-epnot

  • شركة تنظيف شقق بالدمام

    شركة مكافحة حشرات بالدمام وكذلك شركة كشف تسربات المياه بالدمام وتنظيف خزانات وتنظيف الموكيت والسجاد والكنب والشقق والمنازل بالدمام وتنظيف الخزانات بالدمام وتنظيف المساجد بالدمام شركة تنظيف بالدمام تنظيف المسابح بالدمام
    https://jumperads.com/dammam/anti-insects-company-dammam.html شركة مكافحة حشرات بالدمام
    https://jumperads.com/dammam/water-leaks-detection-company-dammam.html شركة كشف تسربات بالدمام
    https://jumperads.com/dammam/dammam-company-surfaces.html شركة عزل اسطح بالدمام
    https://jumperads.com/dammam/dammam-company-sewage.html شركة تسليك مجاري بالدمام
    https://jumperads.com/dammam/dammam-cleaning-company-sofa.html شركة تنظيف كنب بالدمام
    https://jumperads.com/dammam/dammam-cleaning-company-mosques.html شركة تنظيف مساجد بالدمام
    https://jumperads.com/dammam/dammam-cleaning-company-Carpet.html شركة تنظيف سجاد بالدمام
    https://jumperads.com/dammam/dammam-cleaning-company-tanks.html شركة تنظيف خزانات بالدمام
    https://jumperads.com/dammam/dammam-cleaning-company-swimming-bath.html شركة تنظيف وصيانة مسابح بالدمام
    https://jumperads.com/dammam/dammam-cleaning-company-Furniture.html شركة تنظيف الاثاث بالدمام
    https://jumperads.com/dammam/dammam-cleaning-company-home.html شركة تنظيف شقق بالدمام
    https://jumperads.com/dammam/dammam-cleaning-company-Carpets.html شركة تنظيف موكيت بالدمام
    https://jumperads.com/dammam/dammam-cleaning-company.html شركة تنظيف مجالس بالدمام
    https://jumperads.com/dammam/dammam-cleaning-company-house.html شركة تنظيف منازل بالدمام
    https://jumperads.com/dammam/dammam-cleaning-company-curtains.html شركة تنظيف ستائر بالدمام
    https://jumperads.com/dammam/dammam-cleaning-company-Villas.html شركة تنظيف فلل بالدمام
    https://jumperads.com/dammam/dammam-company-tile.html شركة جلي بلاط بالدمام

  • شركة ريلاكس لنقل العفش والاثاث

    http://fullservicelavoro.com/ شركة ريلاكس لنقل العفش والاثاث
    http://fullservicelavoro.com/2019/01/07/transfer-movers-taif-furniture/ شركة نقل عفش بالطائف
    http://fullservicelavoro.com/2019/01/08/transfer-movers-riyadh-furniture/ شركة نقل عفش بالرياض
    http://fullservicelavoro.com/2019/01/08/transfer-movers-jeddah-furniture/ شركة نقل عفش بجدة
    http://fullservicelavoro.com/2019/01/01/transfer-and-movers-furniture-mecca/ شركة نقل عفش بمكة
    http://fullservicelavoro.com/2019/01/07/transfer-movers-madina-furniture/ شركة نقل عفش بالمدينة المنورة
    http://fullservicelavoro.com/2019/01/07/transfer-movers-khamis-mushait-furniture/ شركة نقل عفش بخميس مشيط
    http://fullservicelavoro.com/2019/01/09/transfer-movers-abha-furniture/ شركة نقل اثاث بابها
    http://fullservicelavoro.com/2019/01/07/transfer-movers-najran-furniture/ شركة نقل عفش بنجران
    http://fullservicelavoro.com/2019/01/16/transfer-movers-hail-furniture/ ِشركة نقل عفش بحائل
    http://fullservicelavoro.com/2019/01/16/transfer-movers-qassim-furniture/ شركة نقل عفش بالقصيم
    http://fullservicelavoro.com/2019/02/02/transfer-movers-furniture-in-bahaa/ شركة نقل عفش بالباحة
    http://fullservicelavoro.com/2019/01/13/transfer-movers-yanbu-furniture/ شركة نقل عفش بينبع
    http://fullservicelavoro.com/2019/01/18/%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a7-%d9%86%d9%82%d9%84-%d8%b9%d9%81%d8%b4-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%87%d8%a7/ دينا نقل عفش بابها
    http://fullservicelavoro.com/2019/01/13/%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%AB-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%85-%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA/ نقل الاثاث بالمدينة المنورة
    http://fullservicelavoro.com/2019/01/12/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%B5-%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9-%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84-%D8%B9%D9%81%D8%B4-%D8%A8%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A9/ ارخص شركة نقل عفش بمكة
    http://fullservicelavoro.com/2019/01/07/transfer-movers-elkharj-furniture/ شركة نقل عفش بالخرج
    http://fullservicelavoro.com/2019/01/07/transfer-movers-baqaa-furniture/ شركة نقل عفش بالبقعاء
    http://fullservicelavoro.com/2019/02/05/transfer-furniture-in-jazan/ شركة نقل عفش بجازان

  • شركة نقل عفش بمكة

    https://sites.google.com/view/movers-riyadh/
    https://sites.google.com/view/movers-riyadh/movers-mecca
    https://sites.google.com/view/movers-riyadh/home
    https://sites.google.com/view/movers-riyadh/movers-jedaah-elhamdniah
    https://sites.google.com/view/movers-riyadh/movers-yanbu
    https://sites.google.com/view/movers-riyadh/movers-najran
    https://sites.google.com/view/movers-riyadh/movers-Jizan
    https://sites.google.com/view/movers-riyadh/jazan
    https://sites.google.com/view/movers-riyadh/taif
    https://sites.google.com/view/movers-riyadh/moversjeddah
    https://sites.google.com/view/movers-riyadh/movers-abha
    https://sites.google.com/view/movers-riyadh/movers-elahsa
    https://sites.google.com/view/movers-riyadh/movers-elkhobar
    https://sites.google.com/view/movers-riyadh/movers-elkharj
    https://sites.google.com/view/movers-riyadh/movers-elmadina-elmnowara
    https://sites.google.com/view/movers-riyadh/movers-eljubail
    https://sites.google.com/view/movers-riyadh/movers-elqassim
    https://sites.google.com/view/movers-riyadh/movers-hafrelbatin
    https://sites.google.com/view/movers-riyadh/movers-elbaha
    https://sites.google.com/view/movers-riyadh/movers-jeddah
    https://sites.google.com/view/movers-riyadh/movers-dammam
    https://sites.google.com/view/movers-riyadh/movers-taif
    https://sites.google.com/view/movers-riyadh/movers-burydah
    https://sites.google.com/view/movers-riyadh/movers-tabuk
    https://sites.google.com/view/movers-riyadh/movers-hail
    https://sites.google.com/view/movers-riyadh/movers-khamis-mushait
    https://sites.google.com/view/movers-riyadh/movers-rabigh
    https://sites.google.com/view/movers-riyadh/madina
    https://sites.google.com/view/movers-riyadh/mecca
    https://sites.google.com/view/movers-riyadh/dammam
    https://sites.google.com/view/movers-riyadh/jeddah
    https://sites.google.com/view/movers-riyadh/ahsa
    https://sites.google.com/view/movers-riyadh/cleaning-mecca

  • Kung Fu Panda 4

    https://medium.com/slotbabi336/assistir-hd-kung-fu-panda-4-filme-completo-dublado-em-portugues-61e0ed9c63e2 https://medium.com/slotbabi336/assistir-kung-fu-panda-4-2024-filme-completo-em-dublado-c3afa2408c97
    https://medium.com/slotbabi336/assistir-kung-fu-panda-4-2024-filme-dublado-online-legendado-hd-gr%C3%A1tis-51a04683cae4 https://vk.com/772605107-kung-fu-panda-4-mozifilmek-teljes-film-magyarul-videa
    https://vk.com/772605107-videa-hd-kung-fu-panda-4-2024-indavideo-teljesfilm-magyarul https://vk.com/772605107-videa-hu-kung-fu-panda-4-2024-teljes-film-magyarul
    https://vk.com/772605107-videa-kung-fu-panda-4-online-teljes-film-magyarul-2024 https://vk.com/772605107-videa-hu-kung-fu-panda-4-2024-online-teljes-film-magyarul-1
    https://vk.com/772605107-v-i-d-e-a-kung-fu-panda-4-teljes-filmek-hd-magyarul-onlinemo https://vk.com/772605107-film-hd-kung-fu-panda-4-streaming-ita-in-cb01-altadefinizion
    https://vk.com/772605107-cb01-kung-fu-panda-4-film-completo-streaming-ita https://vk.com/772605107-cb01-kung-fu-panda-4-film-streaming-ita-gratis-in-alta-def
    https://vk.com/772605107-cb01-kung-u-panda-4-streaing-ita-2024-in-alta-definizione-fl https://vk.com/772605107-cb01-kung-fu-panda-4-streaming-ita-2024-in-altadefinizione-1
    https://vk.com/772605107-openload-kung-fu-panda-streaming-ita-in-alta-definizione https://www.musicaenegocios.com/group/grupo-musica-e-negocios/discussion/3814ed77-5e75-4e10-8993-ddac1c254574 https://www.irvac.org/group/mysite-200-group/discussion/b6b029bd-ce2f-4901-8121-d53fd3b94174 https://www.musicaenegocios.com/group/grupo-musica-e-negocios/discussion/c7d1fd74-b5a5-4628-8a18-430a6ab24282 https://www.irvac.org/group/mysite-200-group/discussion/a399dbec-fd14-40fe-9466-1ad888748b4e https://www.musicaenegocios.com/group/grupo-musica-e-negocios/discussion/bf489c7f-a390-4625-8865-0580e0b76793 https://www.irvac.org/group/mysite-200-group/discussion/abd14f16-beb8-4791-be81-e7f8902d0e77 https://vk.com/772605107-420241080p
    https://vk.com/772605107-420241080p-kungfupanda https://vk.com/772605107-4hd-1080p
    https://www.musicaenegocios.com/group/grupo-musica-e-negocios/discussion/ec97e8ec-c30d-46ec-a27b-77d90a96f6b8
    https://www.irvac.org/group/mysite-200-group/discussion/136f3f3f-8c02-4ee9-b7e2-1c7c933b7388
    https://www.oksoberfest.com/group/oksoberfest-group/discussion/cf320d7a-67ae-43c0-82c2-89c0ae56a139
    https://www.artdoers.com/group/mysite-231-group/discussion/d78b37f6-a773-4ddd-8882-0c5e36d8302b
    https://www.trugym.co.uk/group/lets-talk-strength/discussion/16c232f5-ec9b-4959-a571-b7215bc41d7c
    https://www.tvd-aktivcenter.de/group/daily-motivation-tips-1/discussion/0a538b22-3efd-4a5f-8d62-f4b63aba3f10
    https://www.myrtlebeastocr.com/group/news-events/discussion/3f11790f-9a17-461f-a5d4-540e8f63ceb9
    https://www.wrightcounselingsolutions.com/group/my-site-group/discussion/a09ae9cf-1cf9-4370-b669-79e0bbb73f30
    https://vk.com/772605107-voir-films-kung-fu-panda-4-en-streaming-vf-fr-francais-vos https://vk.com/772605107-vor-films-kung-u-panda-4-2024-fr-streaing-francais-gratuit-e
    https://www.yohlar.com/group/yohlar-group/discussion/a5b58253-9e24-4317-8bc4-153d6e53b065
    https://www.oksoberfest.com/group/oksoberfest-group/discussion/4f2ef298-202c-45da-afad-2cf7689aa7e3
    https://www.artdoers.com/group/mysite-231-group/discussion/4ba8dc48-4f60-4d7d-a5f1-f09705d5ca3e
    https://www.trugym.co.uk/group/lets-talk-strength/discussion/5103dc99-08d6-40e0-ab9f-d0040051bfb8
    https://www.tvd-aktivcenter.de/group/daily-motivation-tips-1/discussion/63483231-6ed0-4164-8604-2748d94672fa
    https://www.myrtlebeastocr.com/group/news-events/discussion/2a721d0b-7f0d-4c1f-8ecf-8063748347bd
    https://www.wrightcounselingsolutions.com/group/my-site-group/discussion/030c8dbe-719f-4af2-bbfe-19cfcb4e61cc
    https://www.quarantaineacademie.com/group/quarantaine-academie-community/discussion/0b8d615f-7932-41f1-8f13-ce34637aa502
    https://www.oksoberfest.com/group/oksoberfest-group/discussion/28a53e3f-5ebf-4af6-84e9-a7943d395080
    https://www.yohlar.com/group/yohlar-group/discussion/c956fef8-1565-4482-a39e-dd88c7748dcd
    https://www.quarantaineacademie.com/group/quarantaine-academie-community/discussion/3af077d3-e6fb-4bee-b69e-41445582edc1
    https://www.quarantaineacademie.com/group/quarantaine-academie-community/discussion/39979eaa-023d-4b11-901a-b073a34ed1d6
    https://www.quarantaineacademie.com/group/quarantaine-academie-community/discussion/5772af89-4264-42af-b63e-c265993a2f5f
    https://www.quarantaineacademie.com/group/quarantaine-academie-community/discussion/0849bc24-3524-4369-ad03-e5795c904352
    https://www.quarantaineacademie.com/group/quarantaine-academie-community/discussion/a2be62da-dd2c-4ac8-80ca-0154990bc86f
    https://www.wrightcounselingsolutions.com/group/my-site-group/discussion/12f6faf5-8b20-4f4f-855f-cf9879bc4d12
    https://www.wrightcounselingsolutions.com/group/my-site-group/discussion/9a5b5363-2669-4ef5-8afb-56c03d71e010
    https://www.wrightcounselingsolutions.com/group/my-site-group/discussion/da59b29f-e471-494d-841d-7f8524b60b4d
    https://www.wrightcounselingsolutions.com/group/my-site-group/discussion/babc5d3c-d287-45fc-b91c-efb5279f6777
    https://www.myrtlebeastocr.com/group/news-events/discussion/dd82259f-184e-4d9a-8080-7e48690a50a7
    https://www.myrtlebeastocr.com/group/news-events/discussion/7de6fdad-89ec-4506-a9ea-d8a35b4b9b8c

  • efvestt

    https://www.taskade.com/p/assistir-duna-parte-2-2024-filme-completo-online-dublado-em-portugues-01HREE8J89S50DME74FXW2H0Q0

    https://www.taskade.com/p/assistir-filme-duna-parte-2-2024-filme-completo-dublado-em-portugues-01HREED4KCEXYEEHWTSJWRMSF5

    https://www.taskade.com/p/assistir-dune-duna-parte-dois-online-dublado-e-legendado-2024-pt-01HREEJ83FXBEEA5T7JP7YK6MN

    https://qnsslq5584.expandcart.com/index.php?route=product/product&product_id=373

    https://chxnvh5977.expandcart.com/index.php?route=product/product&product_id=373

    https://hywmqs5497.expandcart.com/index.php?route=product/product&product_id=373

    https://www.artstation.com/artwork/w0kPBO

    https://www.artstation.com/artwork/obkxBL

    https://www.artstation.com/artwork/QXQaB8

    https://www.myrtlebeastocr.com/group/gear-accessories/discussion/403d05b4-136e-4f02-97d3-8878b164143b

    https://www.myrtlebeastocr.com/group/gear-accessories/discussion/f69b5c95-739a-4c86-97db-3ab613c68bb8

    https://vk.com/@-218218963-dune-part-two-2024-filme-completo-dublado-online-gratis-hd-1

    https://github.com/Assistir-Dune-Part-Two-Filme-Completo

    https://www.taskade.com/p/cuevana-3-ver-dune-parte-dos-2024-pelicula-completa-en-espanol-y-latino-01HREKA2WCPEHCS3TV1M9S3BHZ

    https://www.taskade.com/p/ver-dune-parte-dos-pelicula-completa-espanol-y-latino-01HREKFA4328P9NA4ZQZ7KXV69

    https://www.taskade.com/p/pelis-plus-dune-part-two-2024-pelicula-online-gratis-en-espanol-latino-01HREKNMJ1MJFTWYPY02T4Z087

    https://pzlexg2856.expandcart.com/index.php?route=product/product&product_id=373

    https://sddjja7413.expandcart.com/index.php?route=product/product&product_id=373

    https://gsmjlu9600.expandcart.com/index.php?route=product/product&product_id=373

    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122116680308221686

    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122120011622214547

    https://www.artstation.com/artwork/dKkQgw

    https://www.artstation.com/artwork/29vWOx

    https://www.myrtlebeastocr.com/group/gear-accessories/discussion/9b7696d2-9351-47e7-9755-822dcaa18715

    https://www.myrtlebeastocr.com/group/gear-accessories/discussion/026a13a7-5b99-4dff-8717-36ef96496a7c

    https://github.com/Ver-Dune-Parte-Dos-la-pelicula-online

    https://tinhte.vn/thread/ver-720p-dune-parte-dos-2024-pelicula-completa-online-espanol-y-latino.3768715/

    https://tinhte.vn/thread/assistir-duna-parte-dois-2024-filme-completo-dublado-e-legendado-espanol.3768721/

Leave a comment

BLOG