sustainability · 3942 comments ·

Coral Reefs as a Marker of Environmental Change

Coral Reefs as a Marker of Environmental Change

Coral is highly sensitive to its external environment. Changes in ocean temperature, pollution and run-off,  and pH (ocean acidification) can cause them to 'bleach' (1). When bleached, they can survive if optimal conditions return. However, if the stress is sustained, they will eventually die. As such, coral reefs are deeply threatened by environmental change and therefore make a good marker for the health of ocean ecosystems.

 

What is coral bleaching?

Coral live in a symbiotic relationship with microscopic, photosynthetic, algae called zooxanthellae (2). Like plants, the zooxanthellae capture sunlight and convert it into energy, providing essential nutrients to the coral (3). In return, the coral provides a protected environment for the zooxanthellae to live. Aside from providing nutrients, the zooxanthellae are also responsible for the colouring of many stony corals.

Under conditions of stress caused by changes in ocean temperature, agricultural run-off, and ocean acidification, resulting from human activities releasing CO2 into the atmosphere, the coral polyps expel their zooxanthellae, causing them to take on a white appearance, what is known as "coral bleaching" (4). The coral will not die instantly when the zooxanthellae is expelled, but if the period of stress is sustained, the zooxanthellae will be unable to re-enter the coral tissue, the coral will not get the essential nutrients it needs to survive.

What is left is the corals calcium carbonate skeleton. Algae begins to grow over the coral skeletons, blocking any chance of regrowth. After time, the skeletons will erode, resulting in the collapse of the reef structure. This collapse is not just an eyesore, it has catastrophic impacts for the ocean ecosystem, fisheries and local communities that depend on the reef for an income.

 

Why is it Important That we Protect Coral Reefs?

Habitat - Coral skeletons are an important component of the reef architecture and provide a habitat for 25% of all marine species (5). They provide shelter, spawning grounds and protection from predators. In their absence, fish stocks will decline, this has a knock-on effect to local communities who are reliant on fish for their main source of protein.

Tourism and Recreation - For coastal communities that are reliant on tourism for their income, the health of coral reefs is paramount to their survival. Ecotourism provides thousands of jobs and millions of dollars in income. It has been estimated that coral reefs have a global economic value of $36 billion per year (6).

Coastline Protection  - Coral reefs absorb 97% of a waves energy (7), acting as a buffer against storm events, such as hurricanes and tsunamis, to 150,000 km of global tropical coastlines in over 100 countries (8).

Pharmaceuticals - Due to the stationary nature of coral, it has developed a plethora of chemical defences in order to gain protection from predators and to fight disease. Coral is therefore becoming increasingly recognised as an important source of new drugs to treat diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's and arthritis.

 

What Can we do to Help?

Although small changes at home will make a difference (e.g. buying organic food as to not contribute to the use of pesticides and herbicides), the real issue here is climate change which requires global cooperation and action to reduce emissions and slow global warming. The death of coral reefs is not just a great loss to the ocean but it will greatly impact millions of people, in over 100 countries, who rely on the reefs for their income and as a food source.

 

References:

  1. https://science.sciencemag.org/content/328/5985/1523
  2. https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_corals/coral02_zooxanthellae.html#:~:text=Coral%20polyps%2C%20which%20are%20animals,water%20to%20carry%20out%20photosynthesis
  3. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs003380050249
  4. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1312064
  5. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/04/160404152918.htm
  6. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X17300635
  7. https://coast.noaa.gov/states/fast-facts/coral-reefs.html
  8. https://oceanwealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Atlas_of_Ocean_Wealth.pdf

3943 comments

Your comment was posted successfully! Thank you!

  • t43tt
    https://pelisplus.outgrow.us/ucm8626-2

    https://pelisplus.outgrow.us/pelisplus-5
    https://pelisplus.outgrow.us/pelisplus-7
    https://pelisplus.outgrow.us/pelisplus-9
    https://repellis24.outgrow.us/repellis24-2
    https://repellis24.outgrow.us/repellis24-4
    https://repellis24.outgrow.us/repellis24-6
    https://repellis24.outgrow.us/repellis24-8
    https://123movies.outgrow.us/123movies-2
    https://123movies.outgrow.us/123movies-4
    https://123movies.outgrow.us/123movies-6
    https://netflix366.outgrow.us/netflix366-2
    https://netflix366.outgrow.us/netflix366-4
    https://netflix366.outgrow.us/netflix366-6
    https://deadpoolwolverin.outgrow.us/deadpoolwolverin-2
    https://transformersone.outgrow.us/transformersone-2
    https://beetlejuice2.outgrow.us/beetlejuice2-2
    https://amiracist.outgrow.us/amiracist-2
    https://thesubstance.outgrow.us/thesubstance-2
    https://speaknoevil.outgrow.us/speaknoevil-2
    https://subservience.outgrow.us/subservience-2
    https://www.akcie.cz/nazor?ID_TEMA=336&ID_NAZOR=394451#sel
    https://pastelink.net/v0eerpdz
    https://www.pastery.net/ynefja/
    https://web.stanford.edu/group/spanlab/cgi-bin/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:Twetwertw45#efefe
    http://clan-banderos.de/web/index.php?site=profile&id=1&action=guestbook
    https://www.guestbook-free.com/books2/dieterbohlen/
    https://asmao.hashnode.dev/vrttrtrgtrg
    https://www.wilkinswalk.com/blogs/blogger/nike-air-vapormax?comment=133426053284#comments
    http://www.limesucks.com/thread_category/general/
    https://postheaven.net/4sv8y8sux5
    http://myhappiness.dinstudio.se/guest_11.html
    http://paste.jp/8c7ca4ec/
    https://yamcode.com/untitled-103243
    https://paiza.io/projects/MWo3x1r93F1yiJgeKBA6Qg
    https://pastebin.com/N9zKiTAz
    https://snippet.host/tvjpzm
    https://rentry.co/cgouonse
    http://paste.jp/8c7ca4ec/
    https://sebsauvage.net/paste/
    https://ctxt.io/2/AAC4WBVUEQ
    https://pastecode.io/s/qgaboyxo
    https://homment.com/fYWZlEOVYw45PXLC7tAv
    https://bitbin.it/R4si2InW/
    https://bitbin.it/R4si2InW/raw/
    https://www.taptap.io/post/8194615
    https://jsfiddle.net/z9tgpa26/
    https://issuu.com/amirah123/stacks
    https://etextpad.com/mwtyabxfbo
    https://rextester.com/XHYA57377
    https://justpaste.it/9f97l
    https://glot.io/snippets/h034mk7cq9
    https://tech.io/snippet/Abb3dRv
    https://jsitor.com/aNZJhKtQaj
    https://www.wowace.com/paste/6c796380
    https://paste.toolforge.org/view/ccf01f96
    https://paste.myst.rs/ko97maon
    https://matters.town/a/jq06c19r1cu3
    https://www.bihann.com/cast/443.html
    https://communicators.ncsu.edu/
    https://community.goldencorral.com/
    https://community.thoracic.org/
    https://network.propertyweek.com/
    https://ultrafighteronline.com/topic/6878/rgbgrrrg
    https://forum.thecodingcolosseum.com/topic/9524/dveegee
    https://nodebb.klangknecht.com/topic/3111/rerbb
    https://web3devcommunity.com/topic/10154/rgeerher
    https://forum.instube.com/d/140901-fbrbrbr
    https://herbalmeds-forum.biolife.com.my/d/143265-bfbfb
    https://www.homerev.com/blogs/home-revolution/how-often-should-i-wash-my-reusable-coffee-mug?comment=135440597245#comments
    https://vietnamtrade-forum.com/threads/uyjjuyjuyj.18445/
    https://smmwebforum.com/threads/thtrht.20649/
    http://www.fellnasen-service.de/index.php?thread/249866-hhtjhtj/
    https://chobaolam.vn/threads/ggththth.552997/
    http://forum.dnpsolpol.ru/threads/ergrtgtrg.6742/
    https://www.lifesshortlivefree.com/community/off-topic/rf4454/
    https://www.dotandlil.com/blogs/blog/77012548-now-in-stock-vintage-honey-tins-maintenant-disponibles-pots-de-miel-vintage?comment=134329860375#comments
    https://socialmphl.com/story19696709/stream-free-movies-tv-shows
    https://prbookmarkingwebsites.com/story20192489/stream-free-movies-tv-shows
    https://https://www.selbstbesaiter.com/g%C3%A4stebuch/cofradesdegranada.ideal.es/
    https://bitbucket.org/santuy213/workspace/snippets/eq8KAr
    https://forum.woimortal.com/forum/community/discussions/51873-ddsvdsdvd
    https://haftahavit.com/blogs/news/so-simple-gifts-for-everyone?comment=134927319338#comments
    https://www.baristaswag.com/blogs/news/free-pour-latte-art-coffee-art?comment=138071736422#comments
    https://tagzfoods.com/blogs/news/tagz-why?comment=134124241136#comments
    http://www.ks-welldental.com/well/bbs/board.php?bo_table=daily&wr_id=5&&page=1&#c_132
    https://www.bankier.pl/forum/wiadomosc-zapisana?
    https://ca.gleener.com/blogs/news/how-to-keep-your-workspace-working-for-you?comment=132506812474#comments
    http://www.hartmanice.cz/en/vlozit-komentar/
    https://bryantsmeat.com/blogs/recipes/sausage-gumbo?comment=127816302777#comments
    https://www.cantiqla.com/blogs/news/cantiq-anniversary-party?comment=132930044013#comments
    https://smartsnack.cl/blogs/news/beneficios-de-dejar-el-azucar-y-tips-para-lograrlo?comment=137125789874#comments
    https://dangtinvantai.com/threads/hynhnjthht.49263/
    https://www.allthebabies.co/blogs/news/mom-to-mom-with-valerie?comment=134124306672#comments
    https://smmwebforum.com/threads/trgr.20655/
    http://www.convio.com/
    https://medicine.ju.edu.jo/lists/confreg/allitems.aspx?paged=true&pagedprev=true&p_id=79748&pagefirstrow=3740&&view=%7B02ed05f7-bda9-44ef-bf5f-c25827d57ed8%7D
    post_id=68242307&obs=&emal=&st=1&thread_id=
    https://www.honor.com/uk/club/topicdetail/am-i-racist-2024-full-movi𝚎-online-free-on-english/topicid-3620126062575616/
    https://www.honor.com/uk/club/topicdetail/watch-beetlejuice-2-full-on-123movies/topicId-3620315588493313/

  • vsvsvsvs

    https://opendata.rdw.nl/Product-catalogus/Assistir-Deadpool-3-Wolverine-2024-Portugu-s/mhkk-3ng7/about_data
    https://opendata.rdw.nl/WOB/Assistir-Deadpool-3-Wolverine-2024-Portugu-s/ksbv-e8hq/about_data
    https://opendata.rdw.nl/Voertuigen/Assistir-Deadpool-3-Wolverine-2024-Portugu-s/ix5t-q8bh/about_data
    https://opendata.rdw.nl/Voertuigen/Assistir-Deadpool-3-Wolverine-2024-Portugu-s/reha-xbsw/about_data
    https://opendata.rdw.nl/Voertuigen/Watch-Maharaja-2024-FullMovie-Free-Streaming-At-Ho/f4vi-wi89/about_data
    https://opendata.rdw.nl/Voertuigen/Maharaja-2024-FuLLMovie-Filmyzilla-Download-Free-7/9byj-spud/about_data
    https://climateaction.tucsonaz.gov/projects/geotucson::deadpool-3-wolverine-film-online-subtitrat-in-romn-2024
    https://opendata.rdw.nl/Voertuigen/Deadpool-3-Wolverine-FILM-ONLINE-SUBTITRAT-IN-ROM-/4yt7-xkef/about_data
    https://gisopendata.pima.gov/projects/pima-county-hub::deadpool-3-wolverine-film-online-subtitrat-in-romn-2024
    https://opendata.rdw.nl/Voertuigen/-REPELIS-VER-Deadpool-3-Wolverine-2024-ONLINE-EN-E/xr3s-43kf/about_data
    https://opendata.rdw.nl/Voertuigen/VER-Deadpool-3-y-Lobezno-2024-ONLINE-EN-ESPA-OL-Y-/7smu-k2qh/about_data
    https://opendata.rdw.nl/Voertuigen/Indavideo-Deadpool-Rozsom-k-2024-Teljes-Film-Magya/tnsb-yw6v/about_data
    https://opendata.rdw.nl/Voertuigen/VIDEA-HU-Deadpool-3-Rozsom-k-Teljes-Online-2024-Fi/efrs-uuqr/about_data
    https://www.facebook.com/Assistir.Deadpool.3.Wolverine.PT.Filme.Completo/videos/501965725799746/
    https://www.facebook.com/Assistir.Deadpool.3.Wolverine.PT.Filme.Completo/videos/1198633454674446/
    https://www.facebook.com/Assistir.Deadpool.3.Wolverine.PT.Filme.Completo
    https://pastebin.com/eeLpHGbE
    https://bitbin.it/bbZ8Pc4C/
    https://justpaste.it/dctuy
    https://paiza.io/projects/DJYqc0fnxvJxzoYRTweVnQ
    https://tempel.in/view/6DfHhb
    https://pastelink.net/va7rj1pc
    https://paste.myst.rs/v8h1udv4
    https://paste.feed-the-beast.com/view/32037deb
    https://www.pastery.net/kpmedw/
    https://yamcode.com/batukireng
    https://telegra.ph/BATUKIRENG-08-11
    https://rentry.co/itb4bw6r
    http://www.limesucks.com/thread/fullmovie/
    https://forum.gamestategames.com/d/3189-wikwikwik
    https://forum.instube.com/d/118606-fbdbbdbb

  • tania

    https://www.are.na/nur-noch-ein-einziges-mal-stream-deutsch-kostenlos
    https://www.are.na/nur-noch-ein-einziges-mal-stream-deutsch-kostenlos/channels
    https://www.are.na/nur-noch-ein-einziges-mal-stream-deutsch-kostenlos/index
    https://www.are.na/nur-noch-ein-einziges-mal-stream-deutsch-kostenlos/table
    https://www.are.na/nur-noch-ein-einziges-mal-stream-deutsch-kostenlos/all
    https://www.are.na/nur-noch-ein-einziges-mal-stream-deutsch-kostenlos/it-ends-with-us-2024-stream-deutsch
    https://www.are.na/block/29933600

  • Lora Munez

    https://github.com/C1N3P0L15-ESP/-REPELIS-VER-Deadpool-3-Wolverine-2024-ONLINE-EN-ESPA-OL-Y-LATINO-GRATIS
    https://github.com/C1N3P0L15-ESP/-PEL-SPLUS-VER—-Deadpool-3-Wolverine-2024-ONLINE-EN-ESPA-OL-Y-LATINO—-CUEVANA-3
    https://github.com/C1N3P0L15-ESP/-CUEVANA.3-VER-Deadpool-3-Wolverine-2024-PELICULA-COMPLETA-EN-ESPANOL-Y-LATINO-GRATIS
    https://github.com/C1N3P0L15-ESP/-PELISFLIX-VER-Deadpool-3-y-Lobezno-2024-ONLINE-EN-ESPA-OL-Y-LATINO-GRATIS
    https://github.com/C1N3P0L15-ESP/PELISPLUS-VER-Deadpool-3-y-Lobezno-2024-ONLINE-EN-ESPA-OL-Y-LATINO-GRATIS
    https://www.facebook.com/videahdDeadpool3RozsomakTeljesfilmmagyarul/
    https://www.facebook.com/videahdDeadpool3RozsomakTeljesfilmmagyarul/videos/372657532524263
    https://www.facebook.com/videahdDeadpool3RozsomakTeljesfilmmagyarul/videos/821208993470999
    https://www.facebook.com/videahdDeadpool3RozsomakTeljesfilmmagyarul/videos/782774280735176
    https://www.facebook.com/videahdDeadpool3RozsomakTeljesfilmmagyarul/videos/3732853910330741
    https://www.facebook.com/videahdDeadpool3RozsomakTeljesfilmmagyarul/videos/353107764504740
    https://www.facebook.com/Assistir.hd.Deadpool.3.Wolverine.Filme.completo/
    https://www.facebook.com/Assistir.hd.Deadpool.3.Wolverine.Filme.completo/videos/694684056154703
    https://www.facebook.com/Assistir.hd.Deadpool.3.Wolverine.Filme.completo/videos/289827527554376
    https://www.facebook.com/Assistir.hd.Deadpool.3.Wolverine.Filme.completo/videos/466486872908278
    https://www.facebook.com/Assistir.hd.Deadpool.3.Wolverine.Filme.completo/videos/7899632836824756
    https://www.facebook.com/Assistir.hd.Deadpool.3.Wolverine.Filme.completo/videos/899207372246097
    https://www.changex.org/community-games/p8rq-p3-el-pajarito-s-l-p-mexico?region_id=76#post-28722
    https://www.changex.org/mx/community-games/p8rq-p3-el-pajarito-s-l-p-mexico/about
    https://www.facebook.com/deadpoolthemovieshd4k
    https://www.facebook.com/deadpoolthemovieshd4k/videos/1204540460994471
    https://www.facebook.com/pelisplus.ver.deadpool.3.pelicula.linea.1080i/
    https://www.facebook.com/ver.alien.romulus.pelicula.gratis/
    https://www.facebook.com/ver.alien.romulus.pelicula.gratis/videos/1564812510911394
    https://ctftime.org/team/319352
    https://ctftime.org/team/319358
    https://ctftime.org/team/319359
    https://ctftime.org/team/319362
    https://ctftime.org/team/319363
    https://ctftime.org/team/319367
    https://ctftime.org/team/319110
    https://ctftime.org/team/319343
    https://ctftime.org/team/319347
    https://ctftime.org/team/319349
    https://ctftime.org/team/319350
    https://web.extension.illinois.edu/askextension/thisQuestion.cfm?QuestionID=36553&catID=160&AskSiteID=75
    http://www.fellnasen-service.de/index.php?thread/183021-zxcxzcerestopo/
    https://www.phyconomy.org/community/main-forum/gdhsgdfhsgfdsiuieu/
    https://dangtinvantai.com/threads/bzvxcxvxccteywte.45798/
    http://forum.dnpsolpol.ru/threads/mxcvusygdfuygfs.5025/
    https://chobaolam.vn/threads/hdfksjhfuguy.548925/
    https://clublivetracker.com/community/emerging-industries-and-sectors-for-investment/vnzvhgtfdytsyty/
    https://cvt.vn/threads/lkjfsldhjfksjhfk.1109410/
    https://vietnamtrade-forum.com/threads/dhsgdfsfytdfppp.15878/
    http://www.limesucks.com/thread/xbcbvjhbusssaa/
    https://pastelink.net/thic00e6
    https://telegra.ph/sgdrgfgdfg-08-11
    https://dictanote.co/n/1049924/
    https://snippet.host/iartpi
    https://paste.intergen.online/view/0aa3014b
    https://tempel.in/view/99pC5avO
    https://rentry.co/cptmihc4
    https://bitbin.it/yuRUncCm/
    https://justpaste.it/eafad
    https://yamcode.com/dfgdertert
    https://homment.com/WuetCld5s0Ema6FCS3Vl
    https://paste.lightcast.com/view/0313519a
    https://paste4btc.com/HgqHor2P
    https://sharetext.me/qniqhuuo4h

  • kgeramy2

    https://www.scoop.it/topic/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-3-2024-1080-full-vietsub
    https://www.scoop.it/topic/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-thuyet-minh-2024-vietsub-mien
    https://bento.me/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-1080-full-vietsub
    https://bento.me/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-3-2024-1080-full-vietsub
    https://bento.me/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-deadpoll-3-2024-full-hd-vietsub
    https://bento.me/xem-phim-despicable-me-4-2024-vietsub-cac-bo-phim-full-1080p
    https://bento.me/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-vietsub-cac-bo-phim-full-1080p
    https://bento.me/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-full-hd-vietsub-thuyet-minh
    https://bento.me/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-1080-full-vietsub-hd
    https://bento.me/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-1080-full-vietsub-hight
    https://bento.me/phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-full-hd-vietsub
    https://bento.me/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-vietsub-thuyet-minh-full-hd-2024
    https://bento.me/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-full-hd-vietsub-thuyet-minh-4k
    https://cofradesdegranada.ideal.es/blog/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-full-hd-vietsub-thuy-t-minh
    https://bento.me/phim-hd-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-vietsub-phimmoi
    https://bento.me/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-1080-full-vietsubhd
    https://bento.me/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-full-hd-mien-phi-vietsub
    https://bento.me/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-thuyet-minh-vietnam-full-hd
    https://bento.me/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-full-hd-mien-phi
    https://bento.me/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-vietsub-full-hd
    https://bento.me/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-full-hd-mienphi
    https://bento.me/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-vietsub-thuyet-minh-full-hd
    https://bento.me/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-1080-full-hd-vietsub-phimmoi
    https://www.fablabs.io/organizations/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-1080-full-vietsub-9f5a8177-17c1-4348-b3ac-9417cfde7e07
    https://bento.me/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-1080-full-vietsubhd
    https://cofradesdegranada.ideal.es/blog/full-hd-xem-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-vietsub-thuy-t-minh-b-phim
    https://cofradesdegranada.ideal.es/blog/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-3-2024-1080-full-vietsub
    https://www.scoop.it/topic/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-1080-full-vietsub-by-hugh-jackman-495
    https://www.scoop.it/topic/full-hd-xem-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-vietsub-thuyet-minh-bo-phim-ay-u
    https://www.scoop.it/topic/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-3-2024-1080-full-vietsub-by-hugh-jackman-748
    https://www.scoop.it/topic/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-3-2024-vietsub-cac-bo-phim-full-1080p
    https://www.scoop.it/topic/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-vietsub-cac-bo-phim-full-1080p
    https://www.scoop.it/topic/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-full-hd-vietsub-thuyet-minh-by-hugh-jackman-708
    https://www.scoop.it/topic/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-1080-full-vietsub-by-hugh-jackman-61
    https://www.scoop.it/topic/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-1080-full-vietsub-hight
    https://www.scoop.it/topic/phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-full-hd-vietsub
    https://www.scoop.it/topic/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-vietsub-thuyet-minh-full-hd-2024
    https://www.scoop.it/topic/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-full-hd-vietsub-thuyet-minh-by-hugh-jackman-295
    https://www.scoop.it/topic/phim-hd-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-vietsub-phimmoi
    https://www.scoop.it/topic/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-1080-full-vietsub-by-hugh-jackman-871
    https://www.scoop.it/topic/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-full-hd-mien-phi-vietsub
    https://www.scoop.it/topic/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-thuyet-minh-vietnam-full-hd
    https://www.scoop.it/topic/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-full-hd-mien-phi
    https://www.scoop.it/topic/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-thuyet-minh-vietnam-full-hd-by-hugh-jackman-571
    https://www.scoop.it/topic/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-vietsub-full-hd-mei-online
    https://www.scoop.it/topic/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-full-hd-mienphi
    https://www.scoop.it/topic/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-vietsub-thuyet-minh-full-hd
    https://www.scoop.it/topic/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-1080-full-hd-vietsub-phimmoi
    https://www.scoop.it/topic/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-vietsub-full-4k
    https://www.scoop.it/topic/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-vietsub-thuyet-minh-full-hd-by-hugh-jackman-96
    https://www.scoop.it/topic/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-1080-full-hd-vietsub-phimmoi-by-hugh-jackman-724
    https://www.scoop.it/topic/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-1080-full-hd-vietsub-phimmoi-by-hugh-jackman-608

  • lucishawn

    https://groups.google.com/g/deadpool-v-wolverine-2024-vietsub-phimmoi/c/jhOsQ_4A0kE/m/siqITiOpAQAJ
    https://groups.google.com/g/2023-full-story-online-free/c/ckxwpAH59mQ/m/itFeZe5UAQAJ
    https://groups.google.com/g/api-tools-indexs/c/SxRK18y5bqI/m/gnaarhvlAAAJ
    https://groups.google.com/g/best-new-movies-of-2023-ranked/c/l8wPngablYo/m/VIVbMLS5AAAJ
    https://groups.google.com/g/ilgin-hirsiz-4-izle—-trke-dublaj-tek-parca-1080p-full-hd/c/wjpK6odbljU/m/ah-MgfkJAQAJ
    https://groups.google.com/g/digimonhd/c/90EP_UjA6lo/m/bkv00t6tAQAJ
    https://groups.google.com/g/five-nights-at-freddys-pelcula-completa/c/vlW57Z2Aoz4/m/FEH6bTVPAQAJ
    https://groups.google.com/g/garfield-trke-dublaj-full-hd-film-izle—1080p-film-izle/c/E9Xgi4ZitNg/m/FWPxSkFTAwAJ
    https://groups.google.com/g/deadpool-v-wolverine-2024-full-hd-vietsub/c/zorLhCu1118/m/TUBtEWarHwAJ
    https://groups.google.com/g/best-new-films-of-2023/c/oPbSxOx7Duo/m/SRfNIU7yBAAJ
    https://groups.google.com/g/five-nights-at-freddys4k/c/eKvemeE3R2Q/m/TUFi40ynAQAJ
    https://groups.google.com/g/full-hd-moviehd/c/3jYlpEnrzX8/m/nBLL4JWZAQAJ
    https://groups.google.com/g/hindi-dubbed-2024-watch-streaming-online-for-free-at-fullmovie/c/YfdeE1q6iCo/m/-v9K6p7iAgAJ
    https://groups.google.com/g/johnny-keep-walking-2023/c/GpkDgIVo_Yk/m/DGpQ2EN_AQAJ
    https://www.hkhoc.org/group/the-hong-kong-hall-o-group/discussion/33025480-646f-4756-8d05-26d55fb4a6de
    https://www.hkhoc.org/group/the-hong-kong-hall-o-group/discussion/05418df1-7682-4723-83ba-0aaafb11a9b6
    https://www.hkhoc.org/group/the-hong-kong-hall-o-group/discussion/bde2e0c2-092f-4f50-9c17-ed43a1f46821
    https://www.hkhoc.org/group/the-hong-kong-hall-o-group/discussion/b9a13255-c26c-41c9-8757-63a9a2751b44
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102530388444329
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093323400441629
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093332928441629
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093333252441629
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093333990441629
    https://bento.me/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-2024-1080p-full-vietsub
    https://bento.me/xem-phim-deadpool-va-wolverine-3-2024-1080p-full-vietsub
    https://bento.me/how-to-watch-deadpool-va-wolverine-online-for-free
    https://bento.me/watch-deadpool-3-wolverine-2024-fullmovie-free-online-on-english
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122104654232438742
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093294126463932
    https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fbit.ly%2F3yfwSPp&h=AT3JRzVni-4oS_gtCkfiKNnfJn9s0G2nCOV4foka8dqafNHZOPlkf33LYX0bW0EflFdLgLkxyIOhwmknd2TGkXNeaz7-xKNSzmo71SI2MVE0L1GeW5vjyYFKvoIEaMLafvnn&s=1
    https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=61563373301909
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122103183080445776

Leave a comment

BLOG