Coral Reefs as a Marker of Environmental Change
Coral is highly sensitive to its external environment. Changes in ocean temperature, pollution and run-off, and pH (ocean acidification) can cause them to 'bleach' (1). When bleached, they can survive if optimal conditions return. However, if the stress is sustained, they will eventually die. As such, coral reefs are deeply threatened by environmental change and therefore make a good marker for the health of ocean ecosystems.
What is coral bleaching?
Coral live in a symbiotic relationship with microscopic, photosynthetic, algae called zooxanthellae (2). Like plants, the zooxanthellae capture sunlight and convert it into energy, providing essential nutrients to the coral (3). In return, the coral provides a protected environment for the zooxanthellae to live. Aside from providing nutrients, the zooxanthellae are also responsible for the colouring of many stony corals.
Under conditions of stress caused by changes in ocean temperature, agricultural run-off, and ocean acidification, resulting from human activities releasing CO2 into the atmosphere, the coral polyps expel their zooxanthellae, causing them to take on a white appearance, what is known as "coral bleaching" (4). The coral will not die instantly when the zooxanthellae is expelled, but if the period of stress is sustained, the zooxanthellae will be unable to re-enter the coral tissue, the coral will not get the essential nutrients it needs to survive.
What is left is the corals calcium carbonate skeleton. Algae begins to grow over the coral skeletons, blocking any chance of regrowth. After time, the skeletons will erode, resulting in the collapse of the reef structure. This collapse is not just an eyesore, it has catastrophic impacts for the ocean ecosystem, fisheries and local communities that depend on the reef for an income.
Why is it Important That we Protect Coral Reefs?
Habitat - Coral skeletons are an important component of the reef architecture and provide a habitat for 25% of all marine species (5). They provide shelter, spawning grounds and protection from predators. In their absence, fish stocks will decline, this has a knock-on effect to local communities who are reliant on fish for their main source of protein.
Tourism and Recreation - For coastal communities that are reliant on tourism for their income, the health of coral reefs is paramount to their survival. Ecotourism provides thousands of jobs and millions of dollars in income. It has been estimated that coral reefs have a global economic value of $36 billion per year (6).
Coastline Protection - Coral reefs absorb 97% of a waves energy (7), acting as a buffer against storm events, such as hurricanes and tsunamis, to 150,000 km of global tropical coastlines in over 100 countries (8).
Pharmaceuticals - Due to the stationary nature of coral, it has developed a plethora of chemical defences in order to gain protection from predators and to fight disease. Coral is therefore becoming increasingly recognised as an important source of new drugs to treat diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's and arthritis.
What Can we do to Help?
Although small changes at home will make a difference (e.g. buying organic food as to not contribute to the use of pesticides and herbicides), the real issue here is climate change which requires global cooperation and action to reduce emissions and slow global warming. The death of coral reefs is not just a great loss to the ocean but it will greatly impact millions of people, in over 100 countries, who rely on the reefs for their income and as a food source.
References:
- https://science.sciencemag.org/content/328/5985/1523
- https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_corals/coral02_zooxanthellae.html#:~:text=Coral%20polyps%2C%20which%20are%20animals,water%20to%20carry%20out%20photosynthesis
- https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs003380050249
- https://www.jstor.org/stable/1312064
- https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/04/160404152918.htm
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X17300635
- https://coast.noaa.gov/states/fast-facts/coral-reefs.html
- https://oceanwealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Atlas_of_Ocean_Wealth.pdf
Your comment was posted successfully! Thank you!
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-deadpool-wolverine-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-inside-out-2-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-era-mio-figlio-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-immaculate-la-prescelta-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-mavka-e-la-foresta-incantata-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-horizon-an-american-saga-capitolo-1-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-twisters-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-l-ultima-vendetta-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-blue-lock-il-film-episodio-nagi-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-un-oggi-alla-volta-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-miller-s-girl-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-l-elemento-del-crimine-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-il-magico-mondo-di-billie-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-reality-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-le-avventure-di-jim-bottone-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-la-bicicletta-di-bartali-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-paradox-effect-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-trap-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-borderlands-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-a-spasso-con-willy-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-epidemic-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-and-then-we-danced-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-spider-man-far-from-home-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-alien-romulus-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-cattivissimo-me-4-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-it-ends-with-us-siamo-noi-a-dire-basta-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-madame-luna-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-amici-per-caso-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-here-after-l-aldila-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-when-evil-lurks-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-la-morte-e-un-problema-dei-vivi-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-fly-me-to-the-moon-le-due-facce-della-luna-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-l-invenzione-di-noi-due-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-persona-non-grata-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-indagine-su-una-storia-d-amore-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-non-riattaccare-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-glory-hole-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-hit-man-killer-per-caso-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-la-memoria-dell-assassino-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-blink-twice-streaming-ita-2024/channels
https://tiny-paste.com/137024/
https://paste.myst.rs/4j0wypf9
https://ivpaste.com/v/02DBK23IKx
https://paste.thezomg.com/212888/22415158/
https://paste.intergen.online/view/dffd7576
https://onlinegdb.com/poZWXDkxg
https://bitbin.it/S1r10Lec/
https://tempel.in/view/Ijry
https://paiza.io/projects/P9LAi-eca2mCyP9p5SP2fA
https://pastebin.freeswitch.org/view/4b365a0e
https://pastebin.com/aTvQJ0gn
https://paste.chapril.org/?0c36a05163391ddf#5QwDcy4tgpK7T7Fp694qBKQD8xBVRLVdA5drRCxS6oex
https://paste.ofcode.org/4W9r63j9LjeaanixcuizDu
https://paste.centos.org/view/59120702
https://snippet.host/chsroy
https://jsfiddle.net/peq0ryx1/
https://paste.rs/YStH8.txt
https://www.strava.com/athletes/146328405/posts/32309204
https://www.strava.com/athletes/146328405/posts/32309079
https://www.strava.com/athletes/146262843/posts/32307930
https://www.strava.com/athletes/146262843/posts/32308109
https://www.strava.com/athletes/144906416/posts/32307014
https://www.strava.com/athletes/146262843/posts/32308709
https://www.strava.com/athletes/146262843/posts/32308905
https://www.strava.com/athletes/144906416/posts/32306864
https://www.strava.com/athletes/144906416/posts/32306694
https://www.strava.com/athletes/144906416/posts/32330467
https://www.strava.com/athletes/144906416/posts/32330548
https://www.strava.com/athletes/146262843/posts/32330629
https://www.strava.com/athletes/146262843/posts/32330679
https://hackmd.io/Rg1p7eSlQ2eRF21JzskM6Q
https://pastelink.net/294jpxpl
https://www.nehannn.com/artist-detail/715.html?sasla
https://wokwi.com/projects/376455861429986305
https://paste.feed-the-beast.com/view/1b860f44
https://www.pastery.net/nrpqyf/
https://paiza.io/projects/cblyoyBwmVLSswVg2tIRgA
https://yamcode.com/untitled-102665
https://etextpad.com/6mpxueoelx
https://paste.myst.rs/j73tqoez
https://justpaste.it/djsbp
https://jsitor.com/FXcxni_XG_
https://pastelink.net/caxhjwty
https://www.honor.com/uk/club/topicdetail/watch-speak-no-evil-2024-fullmovie-freeonline-on-engsub/topicid-3620496189325312/
https://etextpad.com/8bmfo4ycdr
https://www.pastery.net/nsachc/
https://paiza.io/projects/H1kIDA4euRE11jv_ShK9_g
https://rextester.com/RCMOH45453
https://jsfiddle.net/s4rfhbyq/
https://rextester.com/IBPRW36355
https://cofradesdegranada.ideal.es/
https://www.bankier.pl/forum/wiadomosc-zapisana?post_id=68176195&obs=&emal=&st=1&thread_id=
https://nodebb.klangknecht.com/topic/2618/svssvs
https://www.radiowarta.pl/artykul/15959,psi-piknik-znow-we-wrzesni-mozna-pomoc-i-dobrze-sie-bawic
https://www.wilkinswalk.com/blogs/blogger/nike-air-vapormax?comment=133386141860#comments
https://snapdragonbrand.com/blogs/news/granny-square-goodness-an-easy-cardigan-to-make-in-any-size?comment=133386174628#comments
https://challonge.com/id/xbhi5jgu
https://directwinecellars.com.au/blogs/in-the-bottle/what-is-the-difference-between-chianti-and-chianti-classico?comment=134500876585#comments
https://www.akcie.cz/nazor?ID_TEMA=336&ID_NAZOR=392905#sel
https://hello-maypole.myshopify.com/blogs/news/a-wish-list-for-me-a-gift-guide-for-you?comment=134510412090#comments
https://www.kamiactivewear.co.uk/blogs/blog/coral-reefs-as-a-marker-of-environmental-change?comment=129459323034#comments
https://smartsnack.cl/blogs/news/beneficios-de-dejar-el-azucar-y-tips-para-lograrlo?comment=137112617138#comments
https://www.lomarfarms.com/blogs/news/people?comment=136496185649#comments
https://www.lacabaneasavon.fr/blogs/blog-la-cabane-a-savon/les-savons-naturels-un-soin-naturellement-sain?comment=138381099341#comments
http://www.mahamodo.com/webmaster_special/yymmdd_text/25541105.aspx?id=58
https://www.facebook.com/TetrablissCBDBloodUSA/
https://www.facebook.com/PrimalXMeGummieSuperUS/
https://groups.google.com/g/tetrabliss-cbd-blood-us/c/r7YjEru5XsI
https://groups.google.com/g/tetrabliss-cbd-blood-us/c/VH_LrspJqus
https://groups.google.com/g/tetrabliss-cbd-blood-us/c/raq0AgLH5RE
https://sites.google.com/view/tetrabliss-cbd-blood-usa/
https://sites.google.com/view/tetrablisscbdbloodnowus/
https://www.facebook.com/TetrablissCBDBloodUSA/
https://medium.com/TetrablissCBDBloodus/tetrabliss-cbd-blood-achieve-health-harmony-balance-your-blood-naturally-572c33e39159 https://medium.com/TetrablissCBDBloodus/tetrabliss-cbd-blood-experience-the-life-changing-benefits-of-blood-balance-support-8b88b4ebb661
https://medium.com/TetrablissCBDBloodus/tetrabliss-cbd-blood-start-your-journey-to-a-healthier-you-with-blood-balance-31be3c48c3bc https://medium.com/TetrablissCBDBloodus/tetrabliss-cbd-blood-boost-vitality-with-our-advanced-blood-balance-formula-dd25610031f9
https://forums.black-dog.tech/index.php?threads/tetrabliss-cbd-blood-unlock-the-secret-to-optimal-blood-health.48680/
https://forums.black-dog.tech/index.php?threads/tetrabliss-cbd-blood-transform-your-well-being-with-blood-balance.48683/
https://forums.black-dog.tech/index.php?threads/tetrabliss-cbd-blood-regain-control-effective-blood-management-starts-here.48688/
https://forums.black-dog.tech/index.php?threads/tetrabliss-cbd-blood-experience-the-life-changing-benefits-of-blood-balance-support.48709/
https://www.tickettailor.com/events/tetrablisscbdbloodofficial/1397073
https://www.tickettailor.com/events/tetrablisscbdbloodofficial/1397075
https://www.tickettailor.com/events/tetrablisscbdbloodofficial/1397099
https://www.tickettailor.com/events/tetrablisscbdbloodofficial/1397101
https://www.twibbonize.com/u/tetrabliss.cbd.blood
https://www.twibbonize.com/u/tetrabliss.cbd.blood.usa
https://github.com/Tetrabliss-CBD-Blood-Official/Achieve-Health-Harmony-Balance-Your-Blood-Naturally/
https://github.com/Tetrabliss-CBD-Blood-Official/Unlock-the-Secret-to-Optimal-Blood-Health/
https://github.com/Tetrabliss-CBD-Blood-Official/Experience-the-Life-Changing-Benefits-of-Blood-Balance-Support/
https://www.facebook.com/VitalSurgeTestoGummiesOfferUS/
https://www.facebook.com/DominatorGummiesSpecialUSA/
https://www.facebook.com/VitalSurgeTestoGummiesOfferUSA/
https://www.facebook.com/VitalSurgeGummiesSuperus/
https://www.facebook.com/PrimalXMeGummieSuperUS/
https://topmate.io/poncinggggggggggggg_ponci/1214066
https://topmate.io/poncinggggggggggggg_ponci/1214075
https://topmate.io/poncinggggggggggggg_ponci/1214083
https://topmate.io/poncinggggggggggggg_ponci/1214093
https://topmate.io/poncinggggggggggggg_ponci/1214100
https://topmate.io/hhhahahahaha_hhhahahahaha/1214115
https://topmate.io/hhhahahahaha_hhhahahahaha/1214124
https://topmate.io/hhhahahahaha_hhhahahahaha/1214128
https://topmate.io/hhhahahahaha_hhhahahahaha/1214140
https://topmate.io/hhhahahahaha_hhhahahahaha/1214145
https://www.artstation.com/artwork/oJ24wm
https://www.artstation.com/artwork/mAzrRy
https://www.artstation.com/artwork/rl9oVe
https://www.artstation.com/artwork/P6edrr
https://www.artstation.com/artwork/a0G2P9
https://heweek480.outgrow.us/heweek480-2
https://asaud737.outgrow.us/asaud737-2
https://cetnob854.outgrow.us/cetnob854-2
https://cetnob735.outgrow.us/cetnob735-2
https://cetnob561.outgrow.us/cetnob561-2
https://heweek632.outgrow.us/heweek632-2
https://heweek200.outgrow.us/heweek200-2
https://www.honor.com/uk/club/topicdetail/topicid-3620670758354945/
https://www.honor.com/uk/club/topicdetail/top-1000-free-dice-monopoly-go-android/topicid-3620670758354945/
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/update1000-free-dice-rolls-monopoly-goandroid-2024-betty-r-owens-if4cc
https://www.communitygaming.io/tournament/rolls25-free-dice-monopoly-go-android-without-verification
https://forums.black-dog.tech/index.php?threads/new%E2%84%A225-free-dice-monopoly-go-android-without-verification.48538/
https://soundcloud.com/nmia5663/update25-free-dice-monopoly-go-android-2024
https://www.honor.com/uk/club/topicdetail/topicid-3620670758354945/
https://www.honor.com/uk/club/topicdetail/top-1000-free-dice-monopoly-go-android/topicid-3620670758354945/
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/update1000-free-dice-rolls-monopoly-goandroid-2024-betty-r-owens-if4cc
https://www.communitygaming.io/tournament/rolls25-free-dice-monopoly-go-android-without-verification
https://forums.black-dog.tech/index.php?threads/new%E2%84%A225-free-dice-monopoly-go-android-without-verification.48538/
https://soundcloud.com/nmia5663/update25-free-dice-monopoly-go-android-2024
https://www.honor.com/uk/club/topicdetail/topicid-3620670758354945/
https://www.honor.com/uk/club/topicdetail/top-1000-free-dice-monopoly-go-android/topicid-3620670758354945/
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/update1000-free-dice-rolls-monopoly-goandroid-2024-betty-r-owens-if4cc
https://www.communitygaming.io/tournament/rolls25-free-dice-monopoly-go-android-without-verification
https://forums.black-dog.tech/index.php?threads/new%E2%84%A225-free-dice-monopoly-go-android-without-verification.48538/
https://soundcloud.com/nmia5663/update25-free-dice-monopoly-go-android-2024
https://www.strava.com/athletes/144906416/posts/32330467
https://www.strava.com/athletes/144906416/posts/32330548
https://www.strava.com/athletes/146262843/posts/32330629
https://www.strava.com/athletes/146262843/posts/32330679
https://www.honor.com/uk/club/topicdetail/watch-123movies-am-i-racist?-2024-full-movie-now-available-online/topicid-3620669329801216/
https://hackmd.io/Rg1p7eSlQ2eRF21JzskM6Q
https://pastelink.net/294jpxpl
https://www.nehannn.com/artist-detail/715.html?sasla
https://wokwi.com/projects/376455861429986305
https://paste.feed-the-beast.com/view/1b860f44
https://www.pastery.net/nrpqyf/
https://paiza.io/projects/cblyoyBwmVLSswVg2tIRgA
https://yamcode.com/untitled-102665
https://etextpad.com/6mpxueoelx
https://paste.myst.rs/j73tqoez
https://justpaste.it/djsbp
https://jsitor.com/FXcxni_XG_
https://jsfiddle.net/s4rfhbyq/
https://rextester.com/IBPRW36355
https://cofradesdegranada.ideal.es/
https://www.bankier.pl/forum/wiadomosc-zapisana?post_id=68176195&obs=&emal=&st=1&thread_id=
https://nodebb.klangknecht.com/topic/2618/svssvs
https://www.radiowarta.pl/artykul/15959,psi-piknik-znow-we-wrzesni-mozna-pomoc-i-dobrze-sie-bawic
https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/f49ba52b4e56140c5bc5ebe4f5d088fda13190d99081e636880c4851c2ee4662
https://medicine.ju.edu.jo/Lists/ConfReg/AllItems.aspx?
Leave a comment