sustainability · 4935 comments ·

Coral Reefs as a Marker of Environmental Change

Coral Reefs as a Marker of Environmental Change

Coral is highly sensitive to its external environment. Changes in ocean temperature, pollution and run-off,  and pH (ocean acidification) can cause them to 'bleach' (1). When bleached, they can survive if optimal conditions return. However, if the stress is sustained, they will eventually die. As such, coral reefs are deeply threatened by environmental change and therefore make a good marker for the health of ocean ecosystems.

 

What is coral bleaching?

Coral live in a symbiotic relationship with microscopic, photosynthetic, algae called zooxanthellae (2). Like plants, the zooxanthellae capture sunlight and convert it into energy, providing essential nutrients to the coral (3). In return, the coral provides a protected environment for the zooxanthellae to live. Aside from providing nutrients, the zooxanthellae are also responsible for the colouring of many stony corals.

Under conditions of stress caused by changes in ocean temperature, agricultural run-off, and ocean acidification, resulting from human activities releasing CO2 into the atmosphere, the coral polyps expel their zooxanthellae, causing them to take on a white appearance, what is known as "coral bleaching" (4). The coral will not die instantly when the zooxanthellae is expelled, but if the period of stress is sustained, the zooxanthellae will be unable to re-enter the coral tissue, the coral will not get the essential nutrients it needs to survive.

What is left is the corals calcium carbonate skeleton. Algae begins to grow over the coral skeletons, blocking any chance of regrowth. After time, the skeletons will erode, resulting in the collapse of the reef structure. This collapse is not just an eyesore, it has catastrophic impacts for the ocean ecosystem, fisheries and local communities that depend on the reef for an income.

 

Why is it Important That we Protect Coral Reefs?

Habitat - Coral skeletons are an important component of the reef architecture and provide a habitat for 25% of all marine species (5). They provide shelter, spawning grounds and protection from predators. In their absence, fish stocks will decline, this has a knock-on effect to local communities who are reliant on fish for their main source of protein.

Tourism and Recreation - For coastal communities that are reliant on tourism for their income, the health of coral reefs is paramount to their survival. Ecotourism provides thousands of jobs and millions of dollars in income. It has been estimated that coral reefs have a global economic value of $36 billion per year (6).

Coastline Protection  - Coral reefs absorb 97% of a waves energy (7), acting as a buffer against storm events, such as hurricanes and tsunamis, to 150,000 km of global tropical coastlines in over 100 countries (8).

Pharmaceuticals - Due to the stationary nature of coral, it has developed a plethora of chemical defences in order to gain protection from predators and to fight disease. Coral is therefore becoming increasingly recognised as an important source of new drugs to treat diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's and arthritis.

 

What Can we do to Help?

Although small changes at home will make a difference (e.g. buying organic food as to not contribute to the use of pesticides and herbicides), the real issue here is climate change which requires global cooperation and action to reduce emissions and slow global warming. The death of coral reefs is not just a great loss to the ocean but it will greatly impact millions of people, in over 100 countries, who rely on the reefs for their income and as a food source.

 

References:

  1. https://science.sciencemag.org/content/328/5985/1523
  2. https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_corals/coral02_zooxanthellae.html#:~:text=Coral%20polyps%2C%20which%20are%20animals,water%20to%20carry%20out%20photosynthesis
  3. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs003380050249
  4. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1312064
  5. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/04/160404152918.htm
  6. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X17300635
  7. https://coast.noaa.gov/states/fast-facts/coral-reefs.html
  8. https://oceanwealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Atlas_of_Ocean_Wealth.pdf

4936 comments

Your comment was posted successfully! Thank you!

  • ryjrywjjryw

    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-deadpool-wolverine-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-inside-out-2-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-era-mio-figlio-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-immaculate-la-prescelta-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-mavka-e-la-foresta-incantata-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-horizon-an-american-saga-capitolo-1-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-twisters-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-l-ultima-vendetta-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-blue-lock-il-film-episodio-nagi-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-un-oggi-alla-volta-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-miller-s-girl-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-l-elemento-del-crimine-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-il-magico-mondo-di-billie-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-reality-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-le-avventure-di-jim-bottone-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-la-bicicletta-di-bartali-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-paradox-effect-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-trap-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-borderlands-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-a-spasso-con-willy-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-epidemic-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-and-then-we-danced-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-spider-man-far-from-home-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-alien-romulus-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-cattivissimo-me-4-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-it-ends-with-us-siamo-noi-a-dire-basta-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-madame-luna-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-amici-per-caso-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-here-after-l-aldila-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-when-evil-lurks-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-la-morte-e-un-problema-dei-vivi-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-fly-me-to-the-moon-le-due-facce-della-luna-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-l-invenzione-di-noi-due-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-persona-non-grata-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-indagine-su-una-storia-d-amore-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-non-riattaccare-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-glory-hole-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-hit-man-killer-per-caso-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-la-memoria-dell-assassino-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-blink-twice-streaming-ita-2024/channels

    https://tiny-paste.com/137024/
    https://paste.myst.rs/4j0wypf9
    https://ivpaste.com/v/02DBK23IKx
    https://paste.thezomg.com/212888/22415158/
    https://paste.intergen.online/view/dffd7576
    https://onlinegdb.com/poZWXDkxg
    https://bitbin.it/S1r10Lec/
    https://tempel.in/view/Ijry
    https://paiza.io/projects/P9LAi-eca2mCyP9p5SP2fA
    https://pastebin.freeswitch.org/view/4b365a0e
    https://pastebin.com/aTvQJ0gn
    https://paste.chapril.org/?0c36a05163391ddf#5QwDcy4tgpK7T7Fp694qBKQD8xBVRLVdA5drRCxS6oex
    https://paste.ofcode.org/4W9r63j9LjeaanixcuizDu
    https://paste.centos.org/view/59120702
    https://snippet.host/chsroy
    https://jsfiddle.net/peq0ryx1/
    https://paste.rs/YStH8.txt

  • dfefrsf

    https://bento.me/gladiator-ii-cely-film-1
    https://bento.me/gladiator-ii-cely-film-2
    https://bento.me/gladiator-ii-cely-film-3
    https://bento.me/gladiator-ii-cely-film-4
    https://bento.me/gladiator-ii-cely-film-5
    https://bento.me/gladiator-ii-cely-film-6
    https://bento.me/gladiator-ii-cely-film-7
    https://bento.me/gladiator-ii-cely-film-8
    https://bento.me/gladiator-ii-cely-film-9
    https://bento.me/gladiator-ii-cely-film-10
    https://bento.me/gladiator-ii-cely-film-11
    https://bento.me/red-one-cely-film-1
    https://bento.me/red-one-cely-film-2
    https://bento.me/red-one-cely-film-3
    https://bento.me/red-one-cely-film-4
    https://bento.me/red-one-cely-film-5
    https://bento.me/red-one-cely-film-6
    https://bento.me/red-one-cely-film-7
    https://bento.me/red-one-cely-film-8
    https://bento.me/red-one-cely-film-9
    https://bento.me/red-one-cely-film-10
    https://bento.me/red-one-cely-film-11
    https://bento.me/heretik-cely-film
    https://bento.me/heretik-cely-film-1
    https://bento.me/heretik-cely-film-2
    https://bento.me/heretik-cely-film-3
    https://bento.me/heretik-cely-film-4
    https://bento.me/heretik-cely-film-5
    https://bento.me/heretik-cely-film-6
    https://bento.me/heretik-cely-film-7
    https://bento.me/heretik-cely-film-8
    https://bento.me/heretik-cely-film-9
    https://bento.me/heretik-cely-film-10
    https://bento.me/heretik-cely-film-11
    https://bento.me/venom-posledni-tanec-cely-film-1
    https://bento.me/venom-posledni-tanec-cely-film-2
    https://bento.me/venom-posledni-tanec-cely-film-3
    https://bento.me/venom-posledni-tanec-cely-film-4
    https://bento.me/venom-posledni-tanec-cely-film-5
    https://bento.me/venom-posledni-tanec-cely-film-6
    https://bento.me/venom-posledni-tanec-cely-film-7
    https://bento.me/venom-posledni-tanec-cely-film-8
    https://bento.me/venom-posledni-tanec-cely-film-9
    https://bento.me/venom-posledni-tanec-cely-film-10
    https://bento.me/venom-posledni-tanec-cely-film-11
    https://bento.me/goodrich-cely-film
    https://bento.me/vlastne-te-mam-rada-tati
    https://bento.me/goodrich-cely-film-1
    https://bento.me/goodrich-cely-film-2
    https://bento.me/goodrich-cely-film-3
    https://bento.me/goodrich-cely-film-4
    https://bento.me/goodrich-cely-film-5
    https://bento.me/goodrich-cely-film-6
    https://bento.me/goodrich-cely-film-7
    https://bento.me/goodrich-cely-film-8
    https://bento.me/goodrich-cely-film-9

  • gilbert

    https://www.are.na/a-different-man
    https://www.are.na/apokalypse-z-der-anfang-vom-ende
    https://www.are.na/der-wilde-roboter
    https://www.are.na/the-silent-hour
    https://www.are.na/der-schacht-2
    https://www.are.na/red-one/red-one-alarmstufe-weihnachten-stream-deutsch-kostenlos
    https://www.are.na/blitz/blitz-film-stream-deutsch-kostenlos
    https://www.are.na/marianengraben/marianengraben-stream-deutsch-kostenlos
    https://www.are.na/gladiator-ii/gladiator-ii-stream-deutsch-kostenlos
    https://www.are.na/gladiator-ii/gladiator-ii-film-stream-deutsch-kostenlos
    https://www.are.na/a-different-man/a-different-man-film-stream-deutsch-kostenlos
    https://www.are.na/the-outrun/the-outrun-film-stream-deutsch-kostenlos
    https://www.are.na/super-man-the-christopher-reeve-story/super-man-the-christopher-reeve-story-film-stream-deutsch-kostenlos
    https://www.are.na/apokalypse-z-der-anfang-vom-ende/apokalypse-z-der-anfang-vom-ende-film-stream-deutsch-kostenlos
    https://www.are.na/wicked/wicked-film-stream-deutsch-kostenlos
    https://www.are.na/canary-black/canary-black-film-stream-deutsch-kostenlos
    https://www.are.na/azrael/azrael-film-stream-deutsch-kostenlos
    https://www.are.na/don-t-move/don-t-move-film-stream-deutsch-kostenlos
    https://www.are.na/the-silent-hour/the-silent-hour-film-stream-deutsch-kostenlos
    https://www.are.na/der-schacht-2/der-schacht-2-film-stream-deutsch-kostenlos
    https://www.are.na/my-hero-academia-you-re-next/my-hero-academia-you-re-next-stream-deutsch-kostenlos
    https://www.are.na/smile-2-siehst-du-es-auch/smile-2-siehst-du-es-auch-stream-deutsch-kostenlos
    https://bento.me/terrifier3
    https://bento.me/venom-thelastdance
    https://www.are.na/venom-the-last-dance
    https://www.are.na/venom-the-last-dance/venom-the-last-dance-stream-deutsch-kostenlos
    https://bento.me/anora
    https://bento.me/salems-lot-brennen-muss-salem
    https://bento.me/alter-weisser-mann
    https://bento.me/riefenstahl
    https://bento.me/0000-kilometre
    https://bento.me/heaven-stood-still-musik-und-leben-des-willy-deville
    https://bento.me/wir-werden-alle-sterben
    https://bento.me/first-shift
    https://bento.me/piece-by-piece-
    https://bento.me/smile-2-siehst-du-es-auch
    https://bento.me/survivre
    https://bento.me/azrael-stream
    https://bento.me/bagman
    https://bento.me/hellboy-film
    https://bento.me/der-schacht-2
    https://bento.me/brothers-
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?&set=a.122144916032327804
    https://www.are.na/classified-stream-deutsch-kostenlos
    https://www.are.na/classified-stream-deutsch-kostenlos/classified-2024-film-stream-deutsch

  • karenina

    https://github.com/The-Wild-Robot-english-hdcok
    https://github.com/Smile-2-english-hdcok
    https://github.com/Conclave-english-hdcok
    https://github.com/A-Real-Pain-engmov-hdcok
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/nGCGiOcJpcc
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/n86XuJ33Lhs
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/h1j6QQU5Yp0
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/hjZWCKSxC0Q
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/lHw9i2YViKs
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/vDvfmQOlkvE
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/qkRbdLuGAyY
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/uT7i3xMTYsY
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/gy_fiv6an3g
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/jr1AzsIxr0A
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/n08XzEXiYdc
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/nmda1Gb2ee8
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/mXZMYya-jXI
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/sUvU7EQeTZ4
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/i5XmHfz0Ajg
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/qi36Ln47Ioc
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/r_oV4s6N-XM
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/vam_uoOBnls
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/vNMET9WpWa0
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/ot3_D_d3MtE
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/jSzJvsUfgp8
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/r8HDbx9Sc7I
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/mXA96JYluSE
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/qaMsOZ5S7Yw
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/u8gz7M7cdqI
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/tElBXvS9oR4
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/rGYOjDJ6XTo
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/g4MV_JVSpqo
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/oDdUoj-752o
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/pnW1lbNpka8
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/mFpFLCiXQu8
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/ty1RLuiojZk
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/qxN00_LZbF8
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/qBCJ3hlG10Y
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/k99HsEb4eow
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/teL6LNr9y4Q
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/gc3D5RY-ePo
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/ly58NMTtNiE
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/m11J8IuZWO0
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/t3B5vRF2hWY
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/oGPfk895Qew
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/geqshw4xnng
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/jzcIiIrvOTY
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/tXZkfcmXUZI
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/nbxqtNR2x5s
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/pz0ss3CFyik
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/qSOHFlF6XJY
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/htrI3muwonw
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/embed/s/kBDN4mlP-lE
    https://network.propertyweek.com/members/status/show?id=28977484%3AStatus%3A45912
    https://zagspace.gonzaga.edu/members/status/show?id=28977504%3AStatus%3A26395
    https://educat.xtec.cat/members/status/show?id=28977524%3AStatus%3A55036
    https://www.ssplace.miami.edu/members/status/show?id=28976604%3AStatus%3A228536
    http://community.xwinder.com/members/status/show?id=6661171%3AStatus%3A26139
    https://ondecknetwork.com/members/status/show?id=15607544%3AStatus%3A8392
    https://thehiphopfraternity.com/members/status/show?id=17123624%3AStatus%3A38709
    https://www.wowace.com/paste/2e703a7e
    https://wow.curseforge.com/paste/ef11a074
    https://hackmd.io/@ndongkrak/rktUlBnf1e
    https://wokwi.com/projects/415138547966333953
    https://forum.woimortal.com/forum/community/discussions/113740-pelisplus-%C2%A1-ver-gladiador-ii-pelicula-completa-online
    https://forum.thecodingcolosseum.com/topic/19557/pelisplus-ver-gladiador-ii-pelicula-completa-online
    https://jobs.generationshe.co/company/pelisplus-ver-gladiador-ii-pelicula-completa-online-4decc4c37fb7
    https://www.tournifyapp.com/live/ver-gladiador-ii-pelicula-completa-online
    https://www.new-dev.com/wowsfu/read-blog/3571_pelisplus-ver-gladiador-ii-pelicula-completa-online.html1
    https://werderbremenfansclub.com/read-blog/11865_pelisplus-ver-gladiador-ii-pelicula-completa-online.html
    https://dojour.us/e/38137-pelisplus-ver-gladiador-ii-pelicula-completa-online/
    https://paste.centos.org/view/e16cefaa
    https://jsfiddle.net/nhgk268w/
    https://jsbin.com/rumijasebu/edit?html,output
    https://output.jsbin.com/rumijasebu
    https://jsitor.com/7O7T1TGJ3F
    https://onecompiler.com/html/42yrmd8cz
    https://tech.io/snippet/LTFAEmv
    https://glot.io/snippets/h202bl124e
    https://blog.libero.it/wp/ndaslutolceng/2024/11/21/gladiador-ii-pelicula-completa/
    https://profile.hatena.ne.jp/gladiadorii/profile
    https://ilm.iou.edu.gm/members/gladiadorii/
    https://tinhte.vn/profile/ver-gladiador-ii-pelicula-completa-online.3152709/
    https://ndongkrak.hashnode.dev/pelisplus-ver-gladiador-ii-pelicula-completa-online
    https://sharing.clickup.com/9018520978/t/86eqtw7k7/pelisplus-ver-gladiador-ii-pelicula-completa-online
    https://diendannhansu.com/threads/movie-eng-sub-hd-hrty456yt54ety.667828/
    https://forums.siliconera.com/threads/movie-eng-sub-hd-dfhtgvrt453red.81697/
    http://forums.graphonomics.org/index.php?threads/movie-eng-sub-hd-t8u567yhu6r.65080/
    https://remed.microsoftcrmportals.com/forums/general-discussion/b589c2f2-d0a7-ef11-95f5-0022488b1e04
    http://www.fellnasen-service.de/index.php?thread/315020-pelisplus-ver-gladiador-ii-pelicula-completa-online/
    https://www.hebergementweb.org/threads/pelisplus-ver-gladiador-ii-pelicula-completa-online.2043472/
    https://ideone.com/dLjq3g
    https://rentry.co/wqqdxusp
    https://tempel.in/view/06TOO7q
    https://justpaste.it/eqvqu
    https://snippet.host/tcpnbb
    https://pastelink.net/ctesj198
    https://yamcode.com/movie-eng-sub-hd-gjnyhgfn
    https://paste.intergen.online/view/fa0c3564
    https://ivpaste.com/v/NEzvi3EYPm
    http://ben-kiki.org/ypaste/data/124608/index.html
    https://ctxt.io/2/AAB4qvj4Fg
    https://paiza.io/projects/MUQTboudUhsQWQT0jPhD9w?language=php
    https://pastebin.com/m96xnB5M
    https://paste.chapril.org/?7f633fecae6dbb98#DtgCmmwcejJ4SqHpTzjSaReb1iVg9tJ5joEZ11ELzAFs
    https://sebsauvage.net/paste/?f65cddb15ca10a1b#/X1RMZFcWLr1Ogz7YWDkG11n+qB2gjkbWtmTgeLU074=
    https://plaza.rakuten.co.jp/ndongkrak/diary/202411210000/
    https://telegra.ph/movie-sub-hd—-fgsdfszdfeds-11-21
    http://www.wmhelp.cz/html/modules.php?name=Forums&file=viewtopic&p=93555#93555
    https://streamingsub.e-monsite.com/pages/pelisplus-ver-gladiador-ii-pelicula-completa-online.html
    https://cuevanatiga.theblog.me/posts/55875788
    https://lessons.drawspace.com/post/816180
    https://lessons.drawspace.com/post/816181
    https://www.diigo.com/user/illavillgaia/b/765913655
    https://celtindependent.com/advert/movie-eng-sub-hd-cvkjsnf899suer8f/
    https://icimodels.com/advert/movie-eng-sub-hd-cvkjsnf899suer8f/
    https://ghiassets.com/advert/movie-eng-sub-hd-cvkjsnf899suer8f/
    https://bukhariancommunity.com/advert/movie-eng-sub-hd-cvkjsnf899suer8f/
    https://clubdetiropinto.com/advert/movie-eng-sub-hd-cvkjsnf899suer8f/
    https://paste.ee/p/Nmmk8
    https://paste.thezomg.com/243925/16698817/
    https://paste.ofcode.org/pRyKCXCAgsGpmNthJWvryf
    https://paste.rs/JTAM2.txt
    https://paste.jp/554177de/
    http://pastie.org/p/3497LnR61IGh9NFpkspulO
    https://paste.feed-the-beast.com/view/d572a4ad
    https://paste.laravel.io/49c0da66-4da3-43c6-b496-0d25d34a9fd3
    https://ndongkrak.pixnet.net/blog/post/168248182
    https://letterboxd.com/gawenyurng/list/pelisplus-ver-gladiador-ii-pelicula-completa/
    https://taylorhicks.ning.com/forum/topics/pelisplus-ver-gladiador-ii-pelicula-completa-online
    http://ybsangga.innobox.co.kr/bbs/board.php?bo_table=free&wr_id=705713
    https://developers.fogbugz.com/default.asp?discuss.1.926.0
    https://jpn.itlibra.com/article?id=23514
    https://urlscan.io/result/927e507b-61ce-4651-85d6-f7848efac650/
    http://nopaste.ceske-hry.cz/417892
    https://paste.gd/AtCmrCnm
    https://www.pastery.net/xephmq/
    https://paste.mozilla.org/3dGFx3t2
    https://paste.enginehub.org/gHxCF8o2t
    https://paste-bin.xyz/8142137
    https://paste.vpsfree.cz/HYjXQk4o
    https://notepad.pw/raw/PzLzLiyXAQkt2e59Qh2J
    https://pastebin.freeswitch.org/view/e4e580d9
    https://paste.toolforge.org/view/c131e351
    https://etextpad.com/03ozxc9yzw
    https://sharetext.me/bwxf5shj5

  • dfefrsf

    https://github.com/CINEMA-MOV/CINEMOV/discussions/1
    https://github.com/CINEMA-MOV/CINEMOV/discussions/2
    https://github.com/CINEMA-MOV/CINEMOV/discussions/3
    https://github.com/CINEMA-MOV/CINEMOV/discussions/4
    https://github.com/CINEMA-MOV/CINEMOV/discussions/5
    https://github.com/CINEMA-MOV/CINEMOV/discussions/6
    https://github.com/CINEMA-MOV/CINEMOV/discussions/7
    https://github.com/CINEMA-MOV/CINEMOV/discussions/8
    https://github.com/CINEMA-MOV/CINEMOV/discussions/9
    https://github.com/CINEMA-MOV/CINEMOV/discussions/10
    https://github.com/CINEMAS-MOV/CINEMOV/discussions/1
    https://github.com/CINEMAS-MOV/CINEMOV/discussions/2
    https://github.com/CINEMAS-MOV/CINEMOV/discussions/3
    https://github.com/CINEMAS-MOV/CINEMOV/discussions/4
    https://github.com/CINEMAS-MOV/CINEMOV/discussions/5
    https://github.com/CINEMAS-MOV/CINEMOV/discussions/6
    https://github.com/CINEMAS-MOV/CINEMOV/discussions/7
    https://github.com/CINEMAS-MOV/CINEMOV/discussions/8
    https://github.com/CINEMAS-MOV/CINEMOV/discussions/9
    https://github.com/CINEMAS-MOV/CINEMOV/discussions/10
    https://github.com/CINEMOON/CINEMOV/discussions/1
    https://github.com/CINEMOON/CINEMOV/discussions/2
    https://github.com/CINEMOON/CINEMOV/discussions/3
    https://github.com/CINEMOON/CINEMOV/discussions/4
    https://github.com/CINEMOON/CINEMOV/discussions/5
    https://github.com/CINEMOON/CINEMOV/discussions/6
    https://github.com/CINEMOON/CINEMOV/discussions/7
    https://github.com/CINEMOON/CINEMOV/discussions/8
    https://github.com/CINEMOON/CINEMOV/discussions/9
    https://github.com/CINEMOON/CINEMOV/discussions/10
    https://github.com/CENEMA-TV/CINEMOV/discussions/1
    https://github.com/CENEMA-TV/CINEMOV/discussions/2
    https://github.com/CENEMA-TV/CINEMOV/discussions/3
    https://github.com/CENEMA-TV/CINEMOV/discussions/4
    https://github.com/CENEMA-TV/CINEMOV/discussions/5
    https://github.com/CENEMA-TV/CINEMOV/discussions/6
    https://github.com/CENEMA-TV/CINEMOV/discussions/7
    https://github.com/CENEMA-TV/CINEMOV/discussions/8
    https://github.com/CENEMA-TV/CINEMOV/discussions/9
    https://github.com/CENEMA-TV/CINEMOV/discussions/10

  • dfefrsf

    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls548492877/
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls548492870/
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls548492875/
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls548492822/
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls548492824/
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls548492845/
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls548494579/
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls548494578/
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls548494510/
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls548494770/
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls548494752/
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls548494758/
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls548494153/
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls548494154/
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls548494159/
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls548494357/
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls548494353/
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls548494352/
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls548494684/
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls548494205/
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls548494207/
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls548494403/
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls548494402/
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls548494409/

Leave a comment

BLOG