sustainability · 4938 comments ·

Coral Reefs as a Marker of Environmental Change

Coral Reefs as a Marker of Environmental Change

Coral is highly sensitive to its external environment. Changes in ocean temperature, pollution and run-off,  and pH (ocean acidification) can cause them to 'bleach' (1). When bleached, they can survive if optimal conditions return. However, if the stress is sustained, they will eventually die. As such, coral reefs are deeply threatened by environmental change and therefore make a good marker for the health of ocean ecosystems.

 

What is coral bleaching?

Coral live in a symbiotic relationship with microscopic, photosynthetic, algae called zooxanthellae (2). Like plants, the zooxanthellae capture sunlight and convert it into energy, providing essential nutrients to the coral (3). In return, the coral provides a protected environment for the zooxanthellae to live. Aside from providing nutrients, the zooxanthellae are also responsible for the colouring of many stony corals.

Under conditions of stress caused by changes in ocean temperature, agricultural run-off, and ocean acidification, resulting from human activities releasing CO2 into the atmosphere, the coral polyps expel their zooxanthellae, causing them to take on a white appearance, what is known as "coral bleaching" (4). The coral will not die instantly when the zooxanthellae is expelled, but if the period of stress is sustained, the zooxanthellae will be unable to re-enter the coral tissue, the coral will not get the essential nutrients it needs to survive.

What is left is the corals calcium carbonate skeleton. Algae begins to grow over the coral skeletons, blocking any chance of regrowth. After time, the skeletons will erode, resulting in the collapse of the reef structure. This collapse is not just an eyesore, it has catastrophic impacts for the ocean ecosystem, fisheries and local communities that depend on the reef for an income.

 

Why is it Important That we Protect Coral Reefs?

Habitat - Coral skeletons are an important component of the reef architecture and provide a habitat for 25% of all marine species (5). They provide shelter, spawning grounds and protection from predators. In their absence, fish stocks will decline, this has a knock-on effect to local communities who are reliant on fish for their main source of protein.

Tourism and Recreation - For coastal communities that are reliant on tourism for their income, the health of coral reefs is paramount to their survival. Ecotourism provides thousands of jobs and millions of dollars in income. It has been estimated that coral reefs have a global economic value of $36 billion per year (6).

Coastline Protection  - Coral reefs absorb 97% of a waves energy (7), acting as a buffer against storm events, such as hurricanes and tsunamis, to 150,000 km of global tropical coastlines in over 100 countries (8).

Pharmaceuticals - Due to the stationary nature of coral, it has developed a plethora of chemical defences in order to gain protection from predators and to fight disease. Coral is therefore becoming increasingly recognised as an important source of new drugs to treat diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's and arthritis.

 

What Can we do to Help?

Although small changes at home will make a difference (e.g. buying organic food as to not contribute to the use of pesticides and herbicides), the real issue here is climate change which requires global cooperation and action to reduce emissions and slow global warming. The death of coral reefs is not just a great loss to the ocean but it will greatly impact millions of people, in over 100 countries, who rely on the reefs for their income and as a food source.

 

References:

  1. https://science.sciencemag.org/content/328/5985/1523
  2. https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_corals/coral02_zooxanthellae.html#:~:text=Coral%20polyps%2C%20which%20are%20animals,water%20to%20carry%20out%20photosynthesis
  3. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs003380050249
  4. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1312064
  5. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/04/160404152918.htm
  6. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X17300635
  7. https://coast.noaa.gov/states/fast-facts/coral-reefs.html
  8. https://oceanwealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Atlas_of_Ocean_Wealth.pdf

4939 comments

Your comment was posted successfully! Thank you!

  • ryjrywjjryw

    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-deadpool-wolverine-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-inside-out-2-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-era-mio-figlio-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-immaculate-la-prescelta-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-mavka-e-la-foresta-incantata-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-horizon-an-american-saga-capitolo-1-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-twisters-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-l-ultima-vendetta-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-blue-lock-il-film-episodio-nagi-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-un-oggi-alla-volta-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-miller-s-girl-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-l-elemento-del-crimine-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-il-magico-mondo-di-billie-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-reality-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-le-avventure-di-jim-bottone-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-la-bicicletta-di-bartali-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-paradox-effect-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-trap-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-borderlands-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-a-spasso-con-willy-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-epidemic-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-and-then-we-danced-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-spider-man-far-from-home-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-alien-romulus-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-cattivissimo-me-4-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-it-ends-with-us-siamo-noi-a-dire-basta-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-madame-luna-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-amici-per-caso-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-here-after-l-aldila-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-when-evil-lurks-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-la-morte-e-un-problema-dei-vivi-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-fly-me-to-the-moon-le-due-facce-della-luna-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-l-invenzione-di-noi-due-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-persona-non-grata-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-indagine-su-una-storia-d-amore-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-non-riattaccare-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-glory-hole-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-hit-man-killer-per-caso-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-la-memoria-dell-assassino-streaming-ita-2024/channels
    https://www.are.na/altadefinizione-guarda-blink-twice-streaming-ita-2024/channels

    https://tiny-paste.com/137024/
    https://paste.myst.rs/4j0wypf9
    https://ivpaste.com/v/02DBK23IKx
    https://paste.thezomg.com/212888/22415158/
    https://paste.intergen.online/view/dffd7576
    https://onlinegdb.com/poZWXDkxg
    https://bitbin.it/S1r10Lec/
    https://tempel.in/view/Ijry
    https://paiza.io/projects/P9LAi-eca2mCyP9p5SP2fA
    https://pastebin.freeswitch.org/view/4b365a0e
    https://pastebin.com/aTvQJ0gn
    https://paste.chapril.org/?0c36a05163391ddf#5QwDcy4tgpK7T7Fp694qBKQD8xBVRLVdA5drRCxS6oex
    https://paste.ofcode.org/4W9r63j9LjeaanixcuizDu
    https://paste.centos.org/view/59120702
    https://snippet.host/chsroy
    https://jsfiddle.net/peq0ryx1/
    https://paste.rs/YStH8.txt

  • dfefrsf

    https://open.spotify.com/episode/3LOS5aitDUrd0dEaMAIC2L
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/2h31JXUpuFehQGDN8Q4aJE
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/3SJ0pym88oEbBwD9iXQU6z
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/5tP9YhQlPiWN4FymV14Wa4
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/2Ae04ROOBEJEPj8T8jtbRC
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/0asYrGqRtbd0VGtdlNUPA6
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/2ivQHDOIq3dKqcpZsZq9I1
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/6dVxsZdbbVwDBOzjbieA90
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/70uM1l9SQDRA3uFMkAL1fU
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/5GQC1PN7mFdr4FJNwdkIQT
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/2TdcrHFOyccmDPVAzRGQu7
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/2Pko9u6N3f0wR8CFBgqOzH
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/4j3fdLgQV7nTzEivh6trEA
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/7aHgqKKRelrakGm4gKAzOR
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/5WGk1LwBIVTkod0ME1JybM
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/4RXi9BHvNtBYu46siWX7Lq
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/0Z7UXcnrcqOlt2mUDzZoha
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/0vWEKawkOxIIeJWN0omArn
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/6YMgpbTFEf0r5C5tCzXjfu
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/4QoFq3Med6cHNSScuoiJRY
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/2QNJrcxKgaJDdnPOlOqrGI
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/2XiPmeOxeXYEX4XUf6cCxK
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/3Gq91xto2yGsRFs7xSRnrq
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/7bZnXUexw0PewwQkgIADQO
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/7wew3gB7o023LKZRAWsSBF
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/3g4hIEiw4QtCPWH1VDrwMS
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/6agS3OJIdaaG0WAldJ94Co
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/76xOEBtGqcok0AojA7Sxxn
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/24ktb1al89uyDp1Mc6pEB1
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/392mDbtf1k4YTbFxGjosSH
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/65tgQTOJKdzrcRrkkTSG0R
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/52FEq9ZWbNzv6yzEnhU7JK
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/0nkrwvNoacmVQar8afaqPP
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/6PhyEf71A8A3f8vrZC5jBR
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/1fpRelGBSNBmqdbUZnkWDX
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590525846/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590525847/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590527597/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590527542/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590527736/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590527735/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590527106/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590527100/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590527191/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590527197/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590527242/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590527246/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590523205/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590523202/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590523266/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590523264/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590523453/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590523456/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590523957/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590523956/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590523944/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590523946/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590523804/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590523809/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526011/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526079/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526501/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526507/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526542/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526548/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526713/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526716/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526156/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526153/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526399/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526392/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526205/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526203/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526248/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526295/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526477/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526470/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526961/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526966/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526833/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526834/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590522777/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590522776/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://cara.app/lovec-kraven-film
    https://cara.app/lovec-kraven-film/about
    https://cara.app/gladiato2r-film
    https://cara.app/gladiato2r-film/about
    https://cara.app/venom-3-film
    https://cara.app/venom-3-film/about
    https://cara.app/vaiana-2-film
    https://cara.app/vaiana-2-film/about
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/sDA6YLd_oeo
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/nwFwSwd5aQw
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/sofzzfcpPWk
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/htavQFpLIk8
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/jP8bivH17JA
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/pFRslyoOA-s
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/la_m1EaYFYw
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/nUIXyCzp4L0
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/jqc3l7UVKjk
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/jNG9mh9ZQDY
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/p789mDGq1N0
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/jP9Y6c5gssY
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/sRU9IK7zgQE
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/vv7atqNI6EQ
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/iAuxuOMKMwU
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/kTzzy6kWROQ
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/uhB9C59zdDs
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/kpaMtR5_eg0
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/vbntNsUW0ZQ
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/kZxo5UhD7BQ
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/jozqvKpzbVw
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/rJJ_-7BXdbs
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/oD2fFgP5GK8
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/vrpoTuRkFrI
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/rTm5j97bUvU
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/lqPQOXxJ0rQ
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/sLWujS-NgtM
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/hEhsp3vM9jM
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/sHsvqPZ5Uxc
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/pm8XPEDObwY
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/peiaqdK_AYA
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/ojRkBypdKaQ
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/oFC-il8VKa0
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/moBFup0rnTo
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/l66n0ejTOAI
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/rf-nJ32pdQ0
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/sXxruVgj0TA
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/r7BPUFgSHnU
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/lRQYRo3DZ4U
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/hbvm-xWypIU
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/n6HuDUVNjZU
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/vBe_xGFsM0A
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/mPcP2UEHTn4
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/m0-9LAMt4QY
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/rQDQcOJtNxM
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/ir_khS3yZho
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/vZJcJ-2qlH0

  • dfefrsf

    https://cara.app/lovec-kraven-film
    https://cara.app/lovec-kraven-film/about
    https://cara.app/gladiato2r-film
    https://cara.app/gladiato2r-film/about
    https://cara.app/venom-3-film
    https://cara.app/venom-3-film/about
    https://cara.app/vaiana-2-film
    https://cara.app/vaiana-2-film/about
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/sDA6YLd_oeo
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/nwFwSwd5aQw
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/sofzzfcpPWk
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/htavQFpLIk8
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/jP8bivH17JA
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/pFRslyoOA-s
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/la_m1EaYFYw
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/nUIXyCzp4L0
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/jqc3l7UVKjk
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/jNG9mh9ZQDY
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/p789mDGq1N0
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/jP9Y6c5gssY
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/sRU9IK7zgQE
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/vv7atqNI6EQ
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/iAuxuOMKMwU
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/kTzzy6kWROQ
    https://lookerstudio.google.com/s/uhB9C59zdDs

  • dfefrsf

    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590525846/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590525847/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590527597/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590527542/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590527736/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590527735/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590527106/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590527100/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590527191/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590527197/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590527242/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590527246/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590523205/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590523202/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590523266/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590523264/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590523453/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590523456/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590523957/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590523956/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590523944/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590523946/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590523804/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590523809/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526011/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526079/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526501/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526507/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526542/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526548/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526713/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526716/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526156/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526153/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526399/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526392/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526205/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526203/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526248/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526295/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526477/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526470/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526961/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526966/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526833/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526834/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590522777/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590522776/?ref_=lsedt_ov

  • dfefrsf

    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590525846/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590525847/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590527597/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590527542/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590527736/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590527735/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590527106/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590527100/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590527191/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590527197/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590527242/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590527246/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590523205/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590523202/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590523266/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590523264/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590523453/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590523456/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590523957/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590523956/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590523944/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590523946/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590523804/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590523809/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526011/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526079/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526501/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526507/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526542/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526548/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526713/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526716/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526156/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526153/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526399/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526392/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526205/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526203/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526248/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526295/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526477/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526470/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526961/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526966/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526833/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590526834/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590522777/?ref_=lsedt_ov
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls590522776/?ref_=lsedt_ov

  • dfefrsf

    https://open.spotify.com/episode/3LOS5aitDUrd0dEaMAIC2L
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/2h31JXUpuFehQGDN8Q4aJE
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/3SJ0pym88oEbBwD9iXQU6z
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/5tP9YhQlPiWN4FymV14Wa4
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/2Ae04ROOBEJEPj8T8jtbRC
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/0asYrGqRtbd0VGtdlNUPA6
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/2ivQHDOIq3dKqcpZsZq9I1
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/6dVxsZdbbVwDBOzjbieA90
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/70uM1l9SQDRA3uFMkAL1fU
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/5GQC1PN7mFdr4FJNwdkIQT
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/2TdcrHFOyccmDPVAzRGQu7
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/2Pko9u6N3f0wR8CFBgqOzH
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/4j3fdLgQV7nTzEivh6trEA
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/7aHgqKKRelrakGm4gKAzOR
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/5WGk1LwBIVTkod0ME1JybM
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/4RXi9BHvNtBYu46siWX7Lq
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/0Z7UXcnrcqOlt2mUDzZoha
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/0vWEKawkOxIIeJWN0omArn
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/6YMgpbTFEf0r5C5tCzXjfu
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/4QoFq3Med6cHNSScuoiJRY
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/2QNJrcxKgaJDdnPOlOqrGI
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/2XiPmeOxeXYEX4XUf6cCxK
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/3Gq91xto2yGsRFs7xSRnrq
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/7bZnXUexw0PewwQkgIADQO
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/7wew3gB7o023LKZRAWsSBF
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/3g4hIEiw4QtCPWH1VDrwMS
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/6agS3OJIdaaG0WAldJ94Co
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/76xOEBtGqcok0AojA7Sxxn
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/24ktb1al89uyDp1Mc6pEB1
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/392mDbtf1k4YTbFxGjosSH
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/65tgQTOJKdzrcRrkkTSG0R
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/52FEq9ZWbNzv6yzEnhU7JK
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/0nkrwvNoacmVQar8afaqPP
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/6PhyEf71A8A3f8vrZC5jBR
    https://open.spotify.com/episode/1fpRelGBSNBmqdbUZnkWDX

Leave a comment

BLOG