sustainability · 5588 comments ·

Coral Reefs as a Marker of Environmental Change

Coral Reefs as a Marker of Environmental Change

Coral is highly sensitive to its external environment. Changes in ocean temperature, pollution and run-off,  and pH (ocean acidification) can cause them to 'bleach' (1). When bleached, they can survive if optimal conditions return. However, if the stress is sustained, they will eventually die. As such, coral reefs are deeply threatened by environmental change and therefore make a good marker for the health of ocean ecosystems.

 

What is coral bleaching?

Coral live in a symbiotic relationship with microscopic, photosynthetic, algae called zooxanthellae (2). Like plants, the zooxanthellae capture sunlight and convert it into energy, providing essential nutrients to the coral (3). In return, the coral provides a protected environment for the zooxanthellae to live. Aside from providing nutrients, the zooxanthellae are also responsible for the colouring of many stony corals.

Under conditions of stress caused by changes in ocean temperature, agricultural run-off, and ocean acidification, resulting from human activities releasing CO2 into the atmosphere, the coral polyps expel their zooxanthellae, causing them to take on a white appearance, what is known as "coral bleaching" (4). The coral will not die instantly when the zooxanthellae is expelled, but if the period of stress is sustained, the zooxanthellae will be unable to re-enter the coral tissue, the coral will not get the essential nutrients it needs to survive.

What is left is the corals calcium carbonate skeleton. Algae begins to grow over the coral skeletons, blocking any chance of regrowth. After time, the skeletons will erode, resulting in the collapse of the reef structure. This collapse is not just an eyesore, it has catastrophic impacts for the ocean ecosystem, fisheries and local communities that depend on the reef for an income.

 

Why is it Important That we Protect Coral Reefs?

Habitat - Coral skeletons are an important component of the reef architecture and provide a habitat for 25% of all marine species (5). They provide shelter, spawning grounds and protection from predators. In their absence, fish stocks will decline, this has a knock-on effect to local communities who are reliant on fish for their main source of protein.

Tourism and Recreation - For coastal communities that are reliant on tourism for their income, the health of coral reefs is paramount to their survival. Ecotourism provides thousands of jobs and millions of dollars in income. It has been estimated that coral reefs have a global economic value of $36 billion per year (6).

Coastline Protection  - Coral reefs absorb 97% of a waves energy (7), acting as a buffer against storm events, such as hurricanes and tsunamis, to 150,000 km of global tropical coastlines in over 100 countries (8).

Pharmaceuticals - Due to the stationary nature of coral, it has developed a plethora of chemical defences in order to gain protection from predators and to fight disease. Coral is therefore becoming increasingly recognised as an important source of new drugs to treat diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's and arthritis.

 

What Can we do to Help?

Although small changes at home will make a difference (e.g. buying organic food as to not contribute to the use of pesticides and herbicides), the real issue here is climate change which requires global cooperation and action to reduce emissions and slow global warming. The death of coral reefs is not just a great loss to the ocean but it will greatly impact millions of people, in over 100 countries, who rely on the reefs for their income and as a food source.

 

References:

  1. https://science.sciencemag.org/content/328/5985/1523
  2. https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_corals/coral02_zooxanthellae.html#:~:text=Coral%20polyps%2C%20which%20are%20animals,water%20to%20carry%20out%20photosynthesis
  3. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs003380050249
  4. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1312064
  5. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/04/160404152918.htm
  6. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X17300635
  7. https://coast.noaa.gov/states/fast-facts/coral-reefs.html
  8. https://oceanwealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Atlas_of_Ocean_Wealth.pdf

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    https://www.resume.id/works/3c36026ae684874b
    https://www.resume.id/works/a8f098b694a8db7c
    https://www.resume.id/works/bf5101341f31bb38
    https://www.resume.id/works/e4e1629486776e75
    https://www.resume.id/works/d4eb4831455e9920
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Roklina-cely-film-cz-1
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Roklina-cely-film-cz-2
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Roklina-cely-film-cz-3
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Roklina-cely-film-cz-4
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Roklina-cely-film-cz-5
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Stesti-a-dobro-vsem-1
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Stesti-a-dobro-vsem-2
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Stesti-a-dobro-vsem-3
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Stesti-a-dobro-vsem-4
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Stesti-a-dobro-vsem-5
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Ticha-posta-film-1
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Ticha-posta-film-2
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Ticha-posta-film-3
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Ticha-posta-film-4
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Ticha-posta-film-5
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Divka-s-jehlici-1
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Divka-s-jehlici-2
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Divka-s-jehlici-3
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Divka-s-jehlici-4
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Divka-s-jehlici-5
    https://github.com/sleduj-cernak-cz-dub
    https://github.com/cernak-folemm-cel-fil
    https://github.com/cernak-celle-cz-dar

  • Parfum

    https://m.facebook.com/events/9122084254511933/
    https://m.facebook.com/events/1154462179647221/
    https://m.facebook.com/events/936103325389064/
    https://m.facebook.com/events/592890456890308/
    https://m.facebook.com/events/599516156189884/
    https://m.facebook.com/events/1135760701377453/
    https://m.facebook.com/events/1279100223203310/
    https://m.facebook.com/events/9188224351266623/
    https://m.facebook.com/events/2646392562233711/
    https://m.facebook.com/events/1129618395240039/
    https://m.facebook.com/events/649518160969714/
    https://m.facebook.com/events/1257065308725856/
    https://m.facebook.com/events/9055585564548172/
    https://m.facebook.com/events/1298113874564436/
    https://m.facebook.com/events/1139731004410673/
    https://m.facebook.com/events/432110796650539/
    https://m.facebook.com/events/966581608189933/
    https://m.facebook.com/events/1147139120146069/

  • Parfum

    https://www.facebook.com/events/601061116068836/
    https://www.facebook.com/events/992478076094945/
    https://www.facebook.com/events/1169422021488045/
    https://www.facebook.com/events/1796142324507512/
    https://www.facebook.com/events/1304043574209843/
    https://www.facebook.com/events/1012841874085403/
    https://www.facebook.com/events/655701480463197/
    https://www.facebook.com/events/418393451320127/
    https://www.facebook.com/events/608406265308255/
    https://www.facebook.com/events/656339893552717/
    https://www.facebook.com/events/1649762112413692/
    https://www.facebook.com/events/1282386086196848/
    https://www.facebook.com/events/611460508333086/
    https://www.facebook.com/events/551502434609204/
    https://cccv.to/bridgetlonesovalaskousilena
    https://cccv.to/jarebelkacelyfilm
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    https://jakdulezitejemitfilipa.blogspot.com/2025/02/jak-dulezite-je-mit-filipa-2025-cely.html
    https://jakdulezitejemitfilipa.blogspot.com/2025/02/sledujte-jak-dulezite-je-mit-filipa.html
    https://jakdulezitejemitfilipa.blogspot.com/2025/02/sledujte-jak-dulezite-je-mit-filipa_18.html
    https://jakdulezitejemitfilipa.blogspot.com/2025/02/sledujte-jak-dulezite-je-mit-filipa_21.html
    https://jakdulezitejemitfilipa.blogspot.com/2025/02/celyczfilm-jak-dulezite-je-mit-filipa.html
    https://jakdulezitejemitfilipa.blogspot.com/2025/02/filmycz-jak-dulezite-je-mit-filipa-2025.html
    https://tobihocestakletajicimrekam.blogspot.com/2025/02/filmycz-tobiho-cesta-k-letajicim-rekam.html
    https://tobihocestakletajicimrekam.blogspot.com/2025/02/celyczfilm-tobiho-cesta-k-letajicim.html
    https://tobihocestakletajicimrekam.blogspot.com/2025/02/sledujte-tobiho-cesta-k-letajicim-rekam_18.html
    https://tobihocestakletajicimrekam.blogspot.com/2025/02/sledujte-tobiho-cesta-k-letajicim-rekam.html
    https://tobihocestakletajicimrekam.blogspot.com/2025/02/sledovat-cely-film-cz-httpstinyurl.html
    https://tobihocestakletajicimrekam.blogspot.com/2025/02/tobiho-cesta-k-letajicim-rekam-2025.html
    https://jarebelka.blogspot.com/2025/02/filmycz-ja-rebelka-2025-cely-film.html
    https://jarebelka.blogspot.com/2025/02/celyczfilm-ja-rebelka-cesky-dabing.html
    https://jarebelka.blogspot.com/2025/02/sledujte-ja-rebelka-2025-cely-film_18.html
    https://jarebelka.blogspot.com/2025/02/sledujte-ja-rebelka-cely-film-online-cz.html
    https://jarebelka.blogspot.com/2025/02/sledujte-ja-rebelka-2025-cely-film.html
    https://jarebelka.blogspot.com/2025/02/ja-rebelka-2025-cely-film-online-cz-sk.html
    https://bridgetjonesovalaskousilena.blogspot.com/2025/02/bridget-jonesova-laskou-silena-2025.html
    https://bridgetjonesovalaskousilena.blogspot.com/2025/02/sledujte-bridget-jonesova-laskou-silena.html
    https://bridgetjonesovalaskousilena.blogspot.com/2025/02/sledujte-bridget-jonesova-laskou-silena_18.html
    https://bridgetjonesovalaskousilena.blogspot.com/2025/02/sledujte-bridget-jonesova-laskou-silena_11.html
    https://bridgetjonesovalaskousilena.blogspot.com/2025/02/celyczfilm-bridget-jonesova-laskou.html
    https://bridgetjonesovalaskousilena.blogspot.com/2025/02/filmycz-bridget-jonesova-laskou-silena.html
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/na-plech-mopy-1
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/na-plech-mopy-2
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/na-plech-mopy-3
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/na-plech-mopy-4
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/na-plech-mopy-5
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/cernak-cz-1
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/cernak-cz-2
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/cernak-cz-3
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/cernak-cz-4
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/cernak-cz-5
    https://cccv.to/divkasjehlicicelyfilm
    https://cccv.to/tichapostacelyfilm
    https://cccv.to/stestiadobrovsemcelyfilm
    https://divkasjehlici.blogspot.com/2025/02/filmycz-divka-s-jehlici-2024-cely-film.html
    https://divkasjehlici.blogspot.com/2025/02/celyczfilm-divka-s-jehlici-cesky-dabing.html
    https://divkasjehlici.blogspot.com/2025/02/sledujte-divka-s-jehlici-2024-cely-film_19.html
    https://divkasjehlici.blogspot.com/2025/02/sledujte-divka-s-jehlici-cely-film.html
    https://divkasjehlici.blogspot.com/2025/02/sledujte-divka-s-jehlici-2024-cely-film.html
    https://divkasjehlici.blogspot.com/2025/02/divka-s-jehlici-2024-cely-film-online.html
    https://tichaposta.blogspot.com/2025/02/filmycz-ticha-posta-2024-cely-film.html
    https://tichaposta.blogspot.com/2025/02/celyczfilm-ticha-posta-cesky-dabing.html
    https://tichaposta.blogspot.com/2025/02/sledujte-ticha-posta-2024-cely-film_19.html
    https://tichaposta.blogspot.com/2025/02/sledujte-ticha-posta-cely-film-online.html
    https://tichaposta.blogspot.com/2025/02/sledujte-ticha-posta-2024-cely-film.html
    https://tichaposta.blogspot.com/2025/02/ticha-posta-2024-cely-film-online-cz-sk.html
    https://stestiadobrovsem.blogspot.com/2025/02/filmycz-stesti-dobro-vsem-2025-cely.html
    https://stestiadobrovsem.blogspot.com/2025/02/celyczfilm-stesti-dobro-vsem-cesky.html
    https://stestiadobrovsem.blogspot.com/2025/02/sledujte-stesti-dobro-vsem-2025-cely_19.html
    https://stestiadobrovsem.blogspot.com/2025/02/sledujte-stesti-dobro-vsem-cely-film.html
    https://stestiadobrovsem.blogspot.com/2025/02/sledujte-stesti-dobro-vsem-2025-cely.html
    https://stestiadobrovsem.blogspot.com/2025/02/stesti-dobro-vsem-2024-cely-film-online.html

  • Parfum

    https://github.com/Na-plech-FilmyCz
    https://github.com/Naplech-Cely-i-Online
    https://github.com/Naplech-2025-Online-CZ
    https://github.com/cernak-film-cz-sk
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Bridget-Jonesova-1
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Bridget-Jonesova-2
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Bridget-Jonesova-3
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Bridget-Jonesova-4
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Bridget-Jonesova-5
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Ja-rebelka-1
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Ja-rebelka-2
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Ja-rebelka-3
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Ja-rebelka-4
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Ja-rebelka-5
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Tobiho-cesta-1
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Tobiho-cesta-2
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Tobiho-cesta-3
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Tobiho-cesta-4
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Tobiho-cesta-5
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/Or1TXIUXIUth
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/aruJmEJcRVpt
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/HyBnZUexuR7D
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/PgLKzwe3wwrk
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/HBFYgMffJoW1
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/T6KVp6oyODYb
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/Vqys9afwb803
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/RRum6LHV8vhK
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/0DlJUyNo5sO3
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/qDnm9cz980pX
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/dSqHuKWzVjBE
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/YcE2IFdLzXRS
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/tw1MOLPMvcVq
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/lSecorE72SOm
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/SqLCXkk9eqMV
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/BDeTazvFt8ok
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/8MDWoFq3LGkG
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/QebsJPb8snwH
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/Jp30MoS1l8mI
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/rrvXzygCGsdn

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