sustainability · 5582 comments ·

Coral Reefs as a Marker of Environmental Change

Coral Reefs as a Marker of Environmental Change

Coral is highly sensitive to its external environment. Changes in ocean temperature, pollution and run-off,  and pH (ocean acidification) can cause them to 'bleach' (1). When bleached, they can survive if optimal conditions return. However, if the stress is sustained, they will eventually die. As such, coral reefs are deeply threatened by environmental change and therefore make a good marker for the health of ocean ecosystems.

 

What is coral bleaching?

Coral live in a symbiotic relationship with microscopic, photosynthetic, algae called zooxanthellae (2). Like plants, the zooxanthellae capture sunlight and convert it into energy, providing essential nutrients to the coral (3). In return, the coral provides a protected environment for the zooxanthellae to live. Aside from providing nutrients, the zooxanthellae are also responsible for the colouring of many stony corals.

Under conditions of stress caused by changes in ocean temperature, agricultural run-off, and ocean acidification, resulting from human activities releasing CO2 into the atmosphere, the coral polyps expel their zooxanthellae, causing them to take on a white appearance, what is known as "coral bleaching" (4). The coral will not die instantly when the zooxanthellae is expelled, but if the period of stress is sustained, the zooxanthellae will be unable to re-enter the coral tissue, the coral will not get the essential nutrients it needs to survive.

What is left is the corals calcium carbonate skeleton. Algae begins to grow over the coral skeletons, blocking any chance of regrowth. After time, the skeletons will erode, resulting in the collapse of the reef structure. This collapse is not just an eyesore, it has catastrophic impacts for the ocean ecosystem, fisheries and local communities that depend on the reef for an income.

 

Why is it Important That we Protect Coral Reefs?

Habitat - Coral skeletons are an important component of the reef architecture and provide a habitat for 25% of all marine species (5). They provide shelter, spawning grounds and protection from predators. In their absence, fish stocks will decline, this has a knock-on effect to local communities who are reliant on fish for their main source of protein.

Tourism and Recreation - For coastal communities that are reliant on tourism for their income, the health of coral reefs is paramount to their survival. Ecotourism provides thousands of jobs and millions of dollars in income. It has been estimated that coral reefs have a global economic value of $36 billion per year (6).

Coastline Protection  - Coral reefs absorb 97% of a waves energy (7), acting as a buffer against storm events, such as hurricanes and tsunamis, to 150,000 km of global tropical coastlines in over 100 countries (8).

Pharmaceuticals - Due to the stationary nature of coral, it has developed a plethora of chemical defences in order to gain protection from predators and to fight disease. Coral is therefore becoming increasingly recognised as an important source of new drugs to treat diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's and arthritis.

 

What Can we do to Help?

Although small changes at home will make a difference (e.g. buying organic food as to not contribute to the use of pesticides and herbicides), the real issue here is climate change which requires global cooperation and action to reduce emissions and slow global warming. The death of coral reefs is not just a great loss to the ocean but it will greatly impact millions of people, in over 100 countries, who rely on the reefs for their income and as a food source.

 

References:

  1. https://science.sciencemag.org/content/328/5985/1523
  2. https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_corals/coral02_zooxanthellae.html#:~:text=Coral%20polyps%2C%20which%20are%20animals,water%20to%20carry%20out%20photosynthesis
  3. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs003380050249
  4. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1312064
  5. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/04/160404152918.htm
  6. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X17300635
  7. https://coast.noaa.gov/states/fast-facts/coral-reefs.html
  8. https://oceanwealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Atlas_of_Ocean_Wealth.pdf

5583 comments

Your comment was posted successfully! Thank you!

  • uetkteuktku

    https://wokwi.com/projects/402549691111694337
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402549795868698625
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402549839104661505
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402549913041898497
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402549963128186881
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402550075596364801
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402550121321621505
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402550166311837697
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402550429843133441
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402550472271670273
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402550568608550913
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402550625829367809
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402550673417949185
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402550758087327745
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402550802501863425
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402550871882998785
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402550914980531201
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402550957445770241
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402551098549511169
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402551152702178305
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402551198114961409
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402551262730317825
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402551390328398849
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402551465868892161
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402551521701397505
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402551582227323905
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402551633475432449
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402551688299188225
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402551738231329793
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402551801334638593
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402551846214747137
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402551921290696705
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402551970180558849
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402552011055106049
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402552074381765633
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402552135908018177
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402552182899956737
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402552261294654465
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402552306588949505
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402552361641299969
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402552401994703873
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402552454620647425
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402552500731780097
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402552544002320385
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402552587869503489
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402552643870808065
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402552685565337601
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402552751816473601
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402552807009326081
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402552864423067649

    https://paste.rs/pOlFx.txt
    https://jsfiddle.net/72jvucbe/
    https://snippet.host/qmujes
    https://paste.centos.org/view/4868e1c3
    https://paste.ofcode.org/d7UFVVkhmy3uWdi46Nb3AG
    https://paste.chapril.org/?614335d216146090#7nnuvsBqo5o6m9ff7LEzdhum1y4pJzxUPFrCQioCf7qo
    https://pastebin.com/a6EggWqK
    https://pastebin.freeswitch.org/view/5e0a7800
    https://paiza.io/projects/Cvrs3tgIQ3Z8OVAkkfDN_w
    https://tempel.in/view/A5mSMcr
    https://bitbin.it/qBKbi9aN/
    https://onlinegdb.com/TeWi_EJh_
    https://paste.intergen.online/view/a48a045c
    https://paste.thezomg.com/208750/17201647/
    https://ivpaste.com/v/8LjjOCOydK
    https://binshare.net/ToO4ZD65LBiK4g7nVBpt
    https://paste.myst.rs/b454ar0y
    https://sharetext.me/wftofzkr8q

  • Parfum

    https://github.com/mickey-17-filmivo-on-itt
    https://github.com/last-breath-filmivo-on-itt
    https://github.com/riff-raff-filmivo-on-itt
    https://github.com/my-dead-friend-zoe-filmivo-on-itt
    https://github.com/the-monkey-filmivo-on-itt
    https://github.com/the-unbreakable-boy-filmivo-on-itt
    https://github.com/the-gorge-filmivo-on-itt
    https://github.com/the-witcher-sirens-of-the-deep-filmivo
    https://github.com/captin-amric-brev-filmivo-on-itt
    https://github.com/captin-amric-4-filmivo-on-itt
    https://github.com/ne-zha-2-filmivo-on-itt
    https://github.com/my-fault-london-filmivo-on-itt
    https://github.com/venom-3-the-last-dance-now-dwlod-as
    https://github.com/venom-3-the-last-dance-on-git-now
    https://github.com/venom-3-the-last-dance-avalbl-dwlod
    https://github.com/moana-2-now-dwlod-as
    https://github.com/moana-2-on-git-now
    https://github.com/moana-2-avalbl-dwlod
    https://github.com/marked-men-now-dwlod-as
    https://github.com/marked-men-on-git-now
    https://github.com/marked-men-avalbl-dwlod
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/FtCsaOeKAfGX
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/HlnecMp8zBH4
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/7avPesckISnQ
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/zrKVfm3k9HFO
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/gpaGRTaYMo6H
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/OT9Fo8M7gi7Y
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/yCteJsFp5Ggd
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/r6oqA3Jsa1th
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/L5jgpEzLUzMC
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/b2IEr2BbOHHL
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/3STV5tqLkXjY
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/hXrDirtN9AB1
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/01GBIBlzFUlA
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/bZGcCUIOiFgH
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/5f7Wb99wPaxO
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/0leH6YXx0Yqf
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/S5VAHDf6u6fm
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/6WlpuKOqyMh9
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/hX9Uu3Npurq6
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/TVWRR0uH8Qpw
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/s06vutReIqqs
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/8yGPqYk7DWvX
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/bENATJM2Qm3p
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/wAryjfjZ0tZW
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/fa2qDVqQw6gS
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/OIOsfIoKw5Uy
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/lwNn11srK35o
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/pT4cjjxmFVJj
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/k6c8im7r3wPV
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/ndY06QbO40dr
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/d40ec7VKzmsp
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/peho8O2LlWbG
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/Q659uAAZ9cVM
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/7QN3U4U0Poyx
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/UtSUrLjyXSH7
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/IZXAu1OUpmmf
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/jQAq2jmxBEkX
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/5bRWd8bbYNLX
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/Vf0IOAH4dzec
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/e8wMIHiWbUPy
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/t2kVUe07nUxZ
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/GF5YVN4WUQ3R
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/3HGXT1BfNkM8
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/QcgCvdaIo6S1
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/FXZoESPGnwVE
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/AEV12ewe0m17
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/tsaGBJbDPChQ
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/O7qRKs9Uv4yh
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/ap5oEIBuDgyc
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/c8D7Iq7zko6Y
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/s8bH16ORt2fG
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/utfdZWmxaKCd
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/1EseVcGB5Yt4
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/cvALXJLxa5Yz
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/S16G5sJtrHyX
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/jDnoRNb6Wpm7
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/mK0qx5OUmBvz
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/A0Nq5oLLmPYk
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/4oQPes2kvcHa
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/S8LtLO5vM4x0
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/NtpsUQHDaJrC
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/Jrer3TWseBA5
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/E2wpWxcTHWiO
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/yA4tIUkXz9kq
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/STlZQiT25mIT
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/m755KbIaFdaO
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/ziyWdW7aUxZg
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/g8pQpqvNoN9k
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/ldTXLXe7QHeY
    https://github.com/mickey-17-felmevvo-us
    https://github.com/last-breath-felmevvo-us
    https://github.com/riff-raff-felmevvo-us
    https://github.com/my-dead-friend-zoe-felmevvo-us
    https://github.com/the-monkey-felmevvo-us
    https://github.com/the-unbreakable-boy-felmevvo-us
    https://github.com/the-gorge-felmevvo-uss
    https://github.com/the-witcher-sirens-of-the-deep-felmevvo
    https://github.com/captin-amric-brev-felmevvo-us
    https://github.com/captin-amric-4-felmevvo-us
    https://github.com/ne-zha-2-felmevvo-us
    https://github.com/my-fault-london-felmevvo-us
    https://github.com/sonic-the-hedgehog-3-now-dwlod-as
    https://github.com/on-git-now
    https://github.com/avalbl-dwlod
    https://github.com/now-dwlod-as
    https://github.com/on-git-now-us
    https://github.com/avalbl-dwlod-us
    https://github.com/now-dwlod-as-us
    https://github.com/on-git-now
    https://github.com/on-git-now-uss
    https://github.com/avalbl-dwlod-uss
    https://bitchute.com/video/OkbPFwdcrP88/
    https://bitchute.com/video/GgNOHikMUptO/
    https://bitchute.com/video/0yEkNMMaJuvy/
    https://bitchute.com/video/oHKmRiDfZy7A/
    https://bitchute.com/video/CAt7xPBEMkSR/
    https://bitchute.com/video/Zv54nWNwCBna/
    https://bitchute.com/video/ekefUMgBDMHc/
    https://bitchute.com/video/wkQY6qNrC6ZL/
    https://bitchute.com/video/k1SCrdwYxX1J/
    https://bitchute.com/video/xaf5d31jWSe5/
    https://bitchute.com/video/Bb0yiu1LeVKJ/
    https://bitchute.com/video/28CvrPvWjwWm/
    https://bitchute.com/video/RzlBGvyI5bE0/
    https://bitchute.com/video/FCpjsiCRbQ0q/
    https://bitchute.com/video/NPsZRQ0nf9ag/
    https://bitchute.com/video/kwRODzJUIum5/
    https://bitchute.com/video/V1f8Ly7i6ayB/
    https://bitchute.com/video/Ie7ISkn4F02m/
    https://bitchute.com/video/hUcZH8vruoCJ/
    https://bitchute.com/video/ppbXAmqmDE6M/
    https://bitchute.com/video/MB3NX2wGg6bG/
    https://bitchute.com/video/iZzTYNyLJRmp/
    https://bitchute.com/video/7VT253OLcdCf/
    https://bitchute.com/video/GTXciavKxByf/
    https://bitchute.com/video/jvS3EgAKu445/

  • Parfum

    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Mlada-srdce-cube-1
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Mlada-srdce-cube-2
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Star-Trek-Section-31-cube-1
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Star-Trek-Section-31-cube-2
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Mufasa-Lvi-kral-cube-1
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Mufasa-Lvi-kral-cube-2
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Better-Man-cube-1
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Better-Man-cube-2
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Nosferatu-cube-1
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Nosferatu-cube-2
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Transformers-Jedna-cube-1
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Transformers-Jedna-cube-2
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Love-2-cube-1
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Love-2-cube-2
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Anora-cube-1
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Anora-cube-2
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Venom-Posledni-tanec-cube-1
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Venom-Posledni-tanec-cube-2
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Terrifier-3-cube-1
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Terrifier-3-cube-2
    https://www.bankier.pl/forum/zapisz-wiadomosc
    https://matters.town/a/kpvig7afkbps
    https://www.nehannn.com/artist-detail/18.html
    https://www.asteriskguru.com/tutorials/comment_add.php
    https://peoplefirst-hamburg.de/index.php/guestbook/index/index
    https://hackmd.io/L4P0lI3MRACrZuHmvHwnZg
    https://pastelink.net/46udcs6x
    https://snippet.host/jkssts
    https://jsitor.com/GK-d-lRVXM
    https://paste.feed-the-beast.com/view/6597b025
    https://jsfiddle.net/
    https://yamcode.com/parfum-221-2
    https://paiza.io/projects/z8aOGDXrRlV6cRmurPPU5g?language=php

  • Parfum

    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?vanity=61573766456573&set=a.122097716282792215
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?vanity=61573766456573&set=a.122097716372792215
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?vanity=61573766456573&set=a.122097716396792215
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?vanity=61573766456573&set=a.122097716498792215
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?vanity=61573766456573&set=a.122097716894792215
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122097716396792215&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122097716894792215&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122097716498792215&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122097716372792215&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122097716282792215&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?vanity=61573766456573&set=a.122097718952792215
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?vanity=61573766456573&set=a.122097720224792215
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?vanity=61573766456573&set=a.122097720392792215
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?vanity=61573766456573&set=a.122097720746792215
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?vanity=61573766456573&set=a.122097720908792215
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122097720908792215&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122097720746792215&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122097720392792215&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122097720224792215&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122097718952792215&type=3

  • Parfum

    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?vanity=61573766456573&set=a.122097716282792215
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?vanity=61573766456573&set=a.122097716372792215
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?vanity=61573766456573&set=a.122097716396792215
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?vanity=61573766456573&set=a.122097716498792215
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?vanity=61573766456573&set=a.122097716894792215
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122097716396792215&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122097716894792215&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122097716498792215&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122097716372792215&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122097716282792215&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?vanity=61573766456573&set=a.122097718952792215
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?vanity=61573766456573&set=a.122097720224792215
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?vanity=61573766456573&set=a.122097720392792215
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?vanity=61573766456573&set=a.122097720746792215
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?vanity=61573766456573&set=a.122097720908792215
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122097720908792215&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122097720746792215&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122097720392792215&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122097720224792215&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122097718952792215&type=3
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/The-Alto-Knights-cube-1
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/The-Alto-Knights-cube-2
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Kalamita-cube-1
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Kalamita-cube-2
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Zlatovlaska-cube-1
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Zlatovlaska-cube-2
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Vlci-muz-cube-1
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Vlci-muz-cube-2
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/One-of-Them-Days-cube-1
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/One-of-Them-Days-cube-2
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Den-of-Thieves-2-Pantera-cube-1
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Den-of-Thieves-2-Pantera-cube-2
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Flight-Risk-cube-1
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Flight-Risk-cube-2
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Spolecnik-cube-1
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Spolecnik-cube-2
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Valiant-One-cube-1
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Valiant-One-cube-2
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Paddington-v-Dzungli-cube-1
    https://cubecobra.com/cube/overview/Paddington-v-Dzungli-cube-2
    https://matters.town/a/3wclcmvxz75h
    https://www.nehannn.com/artist-detail/18.html
    https://www.asteriskguru.com/tutorials/comment_add.php
    https://peoplefirst-hamburg.de/index.php/guestbook/index/index
    https://hackmd.io/wKoVhKRVSEy_3pMkiu4lUw
    https://pastelink.net/wxf9msbw
    https://snippet.host/fqwqht
    https://jsitor.com/TGkxI9wAET
    https://paste.feed-the-beast.com/view/5abad6f3
    https://jsfiddle.net/
    https://yamcode.com/parfum-200
    https://paiza.io/projects/BvGqw0Jr_1tMD-xnJh7pUg?language=php

  • Parfum

    https://github.com/Captain-America-Czdabing-SK
    https://github.com/Opice-film-Cz-dabingSk
    https://github.com/Bridget-Jonesova-Cz-dabbing-SK
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/B24VrgIs582H
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/P0ZkpEIrhnXp
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/ciyD2m29E488
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/O4CFMsjTLN7g
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/z2wrCW6eb4d8
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/DDH8G6wvyVnW
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/LL8BsEJ8PcGJ
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/huu0g5SMSARc
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/YuxdMqmid3TU
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/4KtL6pBsp5yI
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/Slzlo04S3wrf
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/1jkwYcx51cBN
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/nZ43S9sEqGGv
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/TfGu2y5sRvnl
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/rRXs1yAgqNLB
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/4OHMYLMAGJHr
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/93Zum4VoPzBg
    https://www.bitchute.com/video/itdjh3ohW8pk
    https://www.facebook.com/events/557403237319714/
    https://www.facebook.com/events/998392108831846/
    https://www.facebook.com/events/2066882770452530/
    https://www.facebook.com/events/563928986665383/
    https://www.facebook.com/events/1799339767497432/
    https://www.facebook.com/events/474552638927226/
    https://www.facebook.com/events/637610618872961/
    https://www.facebook.com/events/1204876824570356/
    https://www.facebook.com/events/1342854856720428/
    https://www.facebook.com/events/3559367871024075/
    https://m.facebook.com/events/557403237319714/
    https://m.facebook.com/events/998392108831846/
    https://m.facebook.com/events/2066882770452530/
    https://m.facebook.com/events/563928986665383/
    https://m.facebook.com/events/1799339767497432/
    https://m.facebook.com/events/474552638927226/
    https://m.facebook.com/events/637610618872961/
    https://m.facebook.com/events/1204876824570356/
    https://m.facebook.com/events/1342854856720428/
    https://m.facebook.com/events/3559367871024075/

Leave a comment

BLOG