sustainability · 4683 comments ·

Coral Reefs as a Marker of Environmental Change

Coral Reefs as a Marker of Environmental Change

Coral is highly sensitive to its external environment. Changes in ocean temperature, pollution and run-off,  and pH (ocean acidification) can cause them to 'bleach' (1). When bleached, they can survive if optimal conditions return. However, if the stress is sustained, they will eventually die. As such, coral reefs are deeply threatened by environmental change and therefore make a good marker for the health of ocean ecosystems.

 

What is coral bleaching?

Coral live in a symbiotic relationship with microscopic, photosynthetic, algae called zooxanthellae (2). Like plants, the zooxanthellae capture sunlight and convert it into energy, providing essential nutrients to the coral (3). In return, the coral provides a protected environment for the zooxanthellae to live. Aside from providing nutrients, the zooxanthellae are also responsible for the colouring of many stony corals.

Under conditions of stress caused by changes in ocean temperature, agricultural run-off, and ocean acidification, resulting from human activities releasing CO2 into the atmosphere, the coral polyps expel their zooxanthellae, causing them to take on a white appearance, what is known as "coral bleaching" (4). The coral will not die instantly when the zooxanthellae is expelled, but if the period of stress is sustained, the zooxanthellae will be unable to re-enter the coral tissue, the coral will not get the essential nutrients it needs to survive.

What is left is the corals calcium carbonate skeleton. Algae begins to grow over the coral skeletons, blocking any chance of regrowth. After time, the skeletons will erode, resulting in the collapse of the reef structure. This collapse is not just an eyesore, it has catastrophic impacts for the ocean ecosystem, fisheries and local communities that depend on the reef for an income.

 

Why is it Important That we Protect Coral Reefs?

Habitat - Coral skeletons are an important component of the reef architecture and provide a habitat for 25% of all marine species (5). They provide shelter, spawning grounds and protection from predators. In their absence, fish stocks will decline, this has a knock-on effect to local communities who are reliant on fish for their main source of protein.

Tourism and Recreation - For coastal communities that are reliant on tourism for their income, the health of coral reefs is paramount to their survival. Ecotourism provides thousands of jobs and millions of dollars in income. It has been estimated that coral reefs have a global economic value of $36 billion per year (6).

Coastline Protection  - Coral reefs absorb 97% of a waves energy (7), acting as a buffer against storm events, such as hurricanes and tsunamis, to 150,000 km of global tropical coastlines in over 100 countries (8).

Pharmaceuticals - Due to the stationary nature of coral, it has developed a plethora of chemical defences in order to gain protection from predators and to fight disease. Coral is therefore becoming increasingly recognised as an important source of new drugs to treat diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's and arthritis.

 

What Can we do to Help?

Although small changes at home will make a difference (e.g. buying organic food as to not contribute to the use of pesticides and herbicides), the real issue here is climate change which requires global cooperation and action to reduce emissions and slow global warming. The death of coral reefs is not just a great loss to the ocean but it will greatly impact millions of people, in over 100 countries, who rely on the reefs for their income and as a food source.

 

References:

  1. https://science.sciencemag.org/content/328/5985/1523
  2. https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_corals/coral02_zooxanthellae.html#:~:text=Coral%20polyps%2C%20which%20are%20animals,water%20to%20carry%20out%20photosynthesis
  3. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs003380050249
  4. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1312064
  5. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/04/160404152918.htm
  6. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X17300635
  7. https://coast.noaa.gov/states/fast-facts/coral-reefs.html
  8. https://oceanwealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Atlas_of_Ocean_Wealth.pdf

4684 comments

Your comment was posted successfully! Thank you!

  • teukteuk

    https://wokwi.com/projects/402462300679550977
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402462387833032705
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402462433538383873
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402462481539077121
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402462563155027969
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402462626316038145
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402462692688832513
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402462749474485249
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402462865883240449
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402462913549421569
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402463005853508609
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402463058545519617
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402463107098804225
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402463186560974849
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402463241770624001
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402463301438812161
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402463356067531777
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402463518480453633
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402463580404120577
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402463644662968321
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402463703768069121
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402463765863709697
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402463920377710593
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402463972866306049
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402464068039318529
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402464122891408385
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402464197346620417
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402464270276147201
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402464312876648449
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402464401502316545
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402464446957043713
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402464492530260993
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402464648098068481
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402464708770782209
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402464778073279489
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402464870030276609
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402464971442274305
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402465016406270977
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402465095520301057
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402465149567062017
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402465262413821953
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402465350236282881
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402465402281322497
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402465449550087169
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402465508139277313
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402465572487249921
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402465649736902657
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402465717663663105
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402465767469981697
    https://wokwi.com/projects/402465827709636609

  • cfdffrerf

    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789690604/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789203892/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789207989/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789698806/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789685433/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789691052/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789209037/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789251782/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789200669/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789699975/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789691775/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789275460/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789209042/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789207299/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789275324/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789682214/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789699150/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789682230/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789205831/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789250724/?ref_=lsedt_bk

    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789250153/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789257318/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789691749/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789200252/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789208123/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789209229/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789699164/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789250130/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789203147/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789693330/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789206525/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789270502/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789206383/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789208532/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789251358/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789208525/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789208359/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789690453/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789681273/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789680208/?ref_=lsedt_bk

    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789688535/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789201510/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789690418/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789698333/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789208365/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789698364/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789203911/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789208325/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789681222/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789200475/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789211623/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789202837/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789203932/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789681242/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789211944/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789278895/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789270701/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789277845/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789202097/?ref_=lsedt_bk
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789683972/?ref_=lsedt_bk

    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122115280796924011&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122115280784924011&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122115280772924011&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122115280766924011&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122115279950924011&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122115279830924011&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122115279746924011&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122110226474924011&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122115285206924011&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122115285194924011&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122115285188924011&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122115285170924011&type=3

    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122111087114935619&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122111087102935619&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122111087096935619&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122111087084935619&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122111089130935619&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122111089118935619&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122111089112935619&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122111089094935619&type=3

    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122123399846907357&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122123399606907357&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122123399588907357&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122123399582907357&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122123400782907357&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122123400770907357&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122123400758907357&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122123400746907357&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122123403476907357&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122123403452907357&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122123403434907357&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122123403428907357&type=3

  • mikayatensai

    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789651636/
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789678531/
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789652494/
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789608829/
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789674862/
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789677160/
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789658941/
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789672716/
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789651795/
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789608896/
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789608888/
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789604661/
    https://www.imdb.com/list/ls4789604663/
    https://eventprime.co/o/demon_slayer_kimetsu_no_yaiba_infinity_castle
    https://eventprime.co/o/demon_slayer_kimetsu_no_yaiba_infinity_castle_tw
    https://www.passes.com/demonslayertw
    https://demonslayer.graphy.com/courses/demon-slayer-kimetsu-no-yaiba-infinity-castle-687e6824311f476acdbd9177
    https://demonslayer.graphy.com/courses/Demon-Slayer-Infinity-Castle-hd-tw-687e681ccd7d9b54cf03e21e
    https://groups.google.com/g/demon-slayer-kimetsu-no-yaiba-infinity-castle-tw/c/gC52Gg5hzG4/m/SuGh7xj3CgAJ
    https://profile.hatena.ne.jp/mikayatensai/
    https://baskadia.com/post/8kr2i
    https://open.firstory.me/story/cmdei1yuq007e01we46772b1w
    https://blognews.mybloghunch.com/framing-the-future-how-2025-changed-the-way-we-watch
    https://blognewsdaily.mystrikingly.com/blog/visions-in-motion-year-in-review-of-2025-cinema
    https://blognewsdaily.hashnode.dev/framing-the-future-how-2025-changed-the-way-we-watch
    https://reretp.medium.com/storytellers-unleashed-the-films-that-defined-2025-14fab1ff3704
    https://taplink.cc/demonslayer2025
    https://mikayatensai1.statuspage.io/
    https://mikayatensai.mssg.me/
    https://heylink.me/mikayatensaii/
    https://rentry.co/mikayatensai
    https://hackmd.io/@mikayatensai/Sy8VxM6Lee
    https://magic.ly/mikayatensai
    https://paiza.io/projects/3J_Uffg3P_nV0ffd9ywKqA?language=php
    https://justpaste.it/b9mqw
    https://forum.phuongnamedu.vn/threads/mikayatensai.62064/
    https://mez.ink/mikayatensai
    https://www.tipga.com/e/687f9bc83286fe4451d0d96f
    https://healingxchange.ning.com/forum/topics/mikayatensai
    https://playit4ward-sanantonio.ning.com/photo/albums/mikayatensai
    https://tooter.in/mikayatensaii/posts/114898004462850861
    https://start.me/w/wa4725

  • Pipisenak

    https://www.casa-acae.com/smurfovefilmionlainbg
    https://www.casa-acae.com/watchkaijuno8missionrecondownload
    https://www.casa-acae.com/watchziamfilmdownload
    https://cpm.tamu.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/2/smurfs-2025-filmi-onlain-bg.pdf
    https://cpm.tamu.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/2/kaijuno8-mission-recon-media-streams.pdf
    https://cpm.tamu.edu/wp-content/uploads/formidable/2/ziam-stream-mediatv.pdf
    https://www.are.na/kaiju-no-8-mission-recon-english/channels
    https://www.are.na/ziam-english/channels
    https://soundcloud.com/vurel/demon-slayer-kimetsu-no-yaiba-castillo-infinito-pelicula-completa-en-espanol-y-latino
    https://medium.com/gomovizhd/filmstreamingshds-3e28a7da9254 https://medium.com/gomovizhd/cvgsxfdsesad1-0179d31d0b9e
    https://medium.com/gomovizhd/vcxsefweasd-546453-cebcf32b68bb https://www.deviantart.com/munggahdukur/art/1221017490 https://jobs.dicoding.com/demon-slayer-kimetsu-no-yaiba-castillo-infinito-pelicula-completa-en-espanol-cuevana-3 https://challonge.com/Smurfs2025FilmiBG https://codepen.io/ndongkrakz/pen/RNWaoQm https://telegra.ph/FilMStReaMinGsHDS-07-22 https://www.surveyking.com/survey/euqlb https://plaza.rakuten.co.jp/ndongkrak/diary/202507220000/ https://app.daily.dev/posts/filmstreamingshds-fp3spuczl https://www.furaffinity.net/journal/11182498/ https://nyelendang.mybloghunch.com/smurfs-2025-filmi-bg?ref=bloghunch.com https://cvbfxg.amebaownd.com/posts/57134921 https://gns3.com/community/discussions/filmstreamingshds https://id.carousell.com/p/sayur-sop-gurih-bund-sayang-icibos-bundddd-1382134584/ https://gns3.com/community/discussions/filmonlainstreamings https://id.carousell.com/p/kopi-nyusu-pak-icibosss-1382190501/ https://developers.fogbugz.com/default.asp?discuss.1.1105.0 https://gns3.com/community/discussions/most-anticipated-movies-in-2025-blockbuster-sequels-and-franchise-launches https://id.carousell.com/p/makk-udahhhh-owkokwokoakowkkowkokw-1382168584/ https://developers.fogbugz.com/default.asp?discuss.1.1104.0 https://scrapbox.io/filmstreamhdeng/FilMStReaMinGsHDS https://forum.potok.digital/topic/375/filmstreamingshds https://forum.thecodingcolosseum.com/topic/74796/filmstreamingshds https://cloudhound.flarum.cloud/d/43712-filmstreamingshds https://kambangan.hashnode.dev/smurfove-2025-filmi-onlajn-bg-audio-i-subtitri-bg https://matters.town/a/q8o4e43mbmdk https://www.tipga.com/e/687f06f93286fe2c7e702958 https://www.gmbinder.com/share/-OVkBD3coX4wRQ_0NXo5 https://hackmd.io/munggahdukur/SJHIwt28ee
    https://wokwi.com/projects/437147858544464897
    https://www.diigo.com/item/note/b8t7a/vpa2?k=002b61700a235d6c35f5a9f3823f45db
    https://celtindependent.com/advert/filmstreamingshds/
    https://bukhariancommunity.com/advert/filmstreamingshds/
    https://www.jobin.co.za/posted-cv/372063.html
    https://profile.hatena.ne.jp/blossomray/profile
    https://bandori.party/user/310239/blossomray/
    https://muckrack.com/blossom-ray/bio
    https://www.bitsdujour.com/profiles/rqweRW
    https://namelessmc.com/profile/blossomray/
    https://ilm.iou.edu.gm/members/blossomray/
    https://findaspring.org/members/blossomray/
    https://profile.hatena.ne.jp/aspecthd/profile
    https://bandori.party/user/310280/aspect/
    https://muckrack.com/aspect-hd/bio
    https://www.bitsdujour.com/profiles/zy4326
    https://namelessmc.com/profile/aspect/
    https://hackmd.io/munggahdukur/BJljfmn3Lgx https://wokwi.com/projects/437159681718331393 https://www.tipga.com/e/687f34493286fe5c8cce98d0 https://www.gmbinder.com/share/-OVksEiPzAcwFnIC8jln https://profile.hatena.ne.jp/abasyedri/profile https://bandori.party/user/310323/abasyedri/ https://muckrack.com/abas-yedri/bio https://www.bitsdujour.com/profiles/n81a8t https://namelessmc.com/profile/abasyedri/ https://hackmd.io/munggahdukur/H1qhTTnLll
    https://wokwi.com/projects/437166751325224961
    https://www.tipga.com/e/687f4e9e3286fe6ea3b11e43
    https://www.gmbinder.com/share/-OVlGgAZwnU4A2vlvLbX
    https://www.deviantart.com/munggahdukur/art/1221060624
    https://challonge.com/KaijuNo8MissionRecon
    https://www.surveyking.com/survey/lextd
    https://ok.ru/group/70000036350270/topic/156590657017150
    https://groups.google.com/g/thi-hien-tai-tiep-dien/c/P_eq9IxNvZs
    https://groups.google.com/g/thi-hien-tai-tiep-dien/c/nnKbn7xGEjg
    https://scrapbox.io/4Life/StReaMinGsHDsFilM
    https://forum.thecodingcolosseum.com/topic/74869/kaiju-no-8-mission-recon-2025-full-free-online
    https://forum.potok.digital/topic/379/kaiju-no-8-mission-recon-2025-full-free-online
    https://cloudhound.flarum.cloud/d/43782-kaiju-no-8-mission-recon-2025-full-free-online
    https://forum.artrix.pl/d/63036-kaiju-no-8-mission-recon-2025-full-free-online
    https://kambangan.hashnode.dev/kaiju-no-8-mission-recon-2025-full-free-online
    https://matters.town/a/c34jm3z4yav6
    https://app.daily.dev/posts/kaiju-no-8-mission-recon-2025-full-free-online-dgyrismar
    https://www.bankier.pl/forum/temat_streamingshdsfilm,71616085.html
    https://celtindependent.com/advert/streamingshdsfilm/
    https://ghiassets.com/advert/streamingshdsfilm/
    https://telegra.ph/StReaMinGsHDsFilM-07-22
    https://diendannhansu.com/threads/watch-kaiju-no-8-mission-recon-2025-fullmovie-free-online.816203/
    https://plaza.rakuten.co.jp/ndongkrak/diary/202507220001/
    https://nyelendang.mybloghunch.com/streamingshdsfilm
    https://cvbfxg.amebaownd.com/posts/57135416
    https://www.deviantart.com/munggahdukur/art/1221089323
    https://challonge.com/Ziam2025Film
    https://www.surveyking.com/survey/iejq4
    https://ok.ru/group/70000036350270/topic/156590808077630
    https://scrapbox.io/kambangan/FilMOnLAiNStReaMinGs
    https://kambangan.hashnode.dev/ziam-2025-full-free-online
    https://matters.town/a/oocskkgy0j9o
    https://app.daily.dev/posts/ziam-2025-full-free-online-9ggtkfmur
    https://celtindependent.com/advert/filmonlainstreamings/
    https://ghiassets.com/advert/filmonlainstreamings/
    https://telegra.ph/FilMOnLAiNStReaMinGs-07-22
    https://forum.thecodingcolosseum.com/topic/74934/filmonlainstreamings
    https://forum.potok.digital/topic/385/filmonlainstreamings
    https://cloudhound.flarum.cloud/d/43850-filmonlainstreamings
    https://forum.artrix.pl/d/63053-filmonlainstreamings
    https://diendannhansu.com/threads/filmonlainstreamings.816248/
    https://plaza.rakuten.co.jp/ndongkrak/diary/202507220002/
    https://nyelendang.mybloghunch.com/ziam-movie-full-free-online
    https://cvbfxg.amebaownd.com/posts/57135752
    https://developers.fogbugz.com/default.asp?discuss.1.1107.0
    https://rextester.com/KID30429
    https://playcode.io/2470638
    https://www.onlinegdb.com/9QBIaStTq
    https://pastelink.net/zif3fc0o
    https://paiza.io/projects/QNwM2oHW-9zAmqpffGVHgA
    https://jsbin.com/lohihedusa/edit?html,output
    https://jsitor.com/Mux5WqF_A5n
    https://etextpad.com/public/faq1xasq0y
    https://glot.io/snippets/h9fxgqiqoq
    https://ideone.com/INW5wt
    https://rentry.co/43s6qzs3
    https://snippet.host/czxsae
    https://anonpaste.com/share/filmstreamingshds-3e57d5ef90
    https://www.wowace.com/paste/854e9aca
    https://paste.myst.rs/b5svg7s0
    https://paste-bin.xyz/8169712
    https://paste.thezomg.com/356146/15791817/
    https://justpaste.it/e7u09
    http://nopaste.ceske-hry.cz/1548785
    https://notes.io/wTnWJ
    https://paste.feed-the-beast.com/IUt3aQuMeAg
    https://paste.intergen.online/view/d0d7242c
    https://ivpaste.com/v/tTBRCDREIW
    https://paste.firnsy.com/paste/PjcjE0Yb46S
    https://binshare.net/6rcC7w2NCTkTVWglX0N6
    https://paste.imirhil.fr/?1031f32b226d00fd#ctgO9sxPqqB21b7ESWb+cVgZ9Z9VaZiqbSdEJfvQRzg=
    https://sebsauvage.net/paste/?5c7a9206add28f14#ChhbZxkrOp8e7coKmf/VCFAaF08QJm3QYO15uphZ/s=
    https://rextester.com/ZBIR76601
    https://playcode.io/2470802
    https://www.onlinegdb.com/a_iCYyi9c_
    https://pastelink.net/7b24c7ux
    https://paiza.io/projects/VpelpXPaHobqnewcsHV_KA
    https://jsbin.com/binudiqofo/edit?html,output
    https://jsitor.com/GtNYNppyjcO
    https://etextpad.com/public/fxtwqnqyev
    https://glot.io/snippets/h9g2bsv18d
    https://p.ip.fi/xJtb
    https://ideone.com/6W30Zc
    https://rentry.co/qkazs9g8
    https://www.wowace.com/paste/a75b91ad
    https://paste.myst.rs/8tca1x3k
    https://paste.imirhil.fr/?f43d087ee86c166a#HeRh24u9fKypfkQWrIBhGHuJtmYy5I0OPbhW/wwlTg=
    https://paste.chapril.org/?d2149ff00d7eb84a#2m2yDqJpVHQsqRcT77VBeXYdhWdrARyua8i5efu93Bhr
    https://sebsauvage.net/paste/?26176fbca1598b47#JMY0iOem4VfFMlV/rBbtBknbTQRQReHI5QC4hgjYlEY=
    https://ivpaste.com/v/RlJxneSd2u
    https://paste.thezomg.com/356154/16851017/
    https://onecompiler.com/javascript/43re7kgq9
    https://pastebin.freepbx.org/view/4e5af98b
    https://justpaste.it/ebmqr
    http://nopaste.ceske-hry.cz/1548792
    https://paste.laravel.io/fb180f98-086c-4b58-a6a6-140ae1e8db24
    https://paste.centos.org/view/21047244
    https://paste.feed-the-beast.com/hZil5J2y-Um
    https://paste.intergen.online/view/3e55f70f
    https://paste.firnsy.com/paste/YhJEYjqYQDX
    https://rextester.com/DGPZK96346
    https://playcode.io/2470928
    https://www.onlinegdb.com/2GfhT49Eh
    https://www.wowace.com/paste/591ee781
    https://pastelink.net/1d2suv8w
    https://paiza.io/projects/wNRscVegII5yEz4hyD8EaQ
    https://jsbin.com/hiyemaweya/edit?html,output
    https://jsitor.com/TNZCMX7ACxp
    https://ivpaste.com/v/hggymp7knB
    https://paste.thezomg.com/356165/17496717/
    https://onecompiler.com/javascript/43reejuca
    https://pastebin.freepbx.org/view/ac0128ca
    https://justpaste.it/iyhgb
    http://nopaste.ceske-hry.cz/1548799
    https://paste.laravel.io/cc46ee3a-6f7e-46de-8113-e7cb082d106b
    https://paste.centos.org/view/ab21a034
    https://paste.feed-the-beast.com/qbDIPEMHTqo
    https://paste.intergen.online/view/29bdae77
    https://paste.firnsy.com/paste/LXgZWQYqQrA
    https://etextpad.com/public/jjkbkhzii6
    https://glot.io/snippets/h9g5c0pcyj
    https://p.ip.fi/I9m5
    https://ideone.com/QkdGu8
    https://rentry.co/zkzzgvwr
    https://paste.myst.rs/4wz1vn5d
    https://paste.imirhil.fr/?d6b3bf2f29fa02fd#s72lKkQyOGHkuQyVRgZTSraIHxTXtrWdWrgOpwhYxo=
    https://paste.chapril.org/?e8fd396c9ef7659f#917SeBza5rU46pfbyisHzsZUgMc8s3TqjNy1aTDBa1SX
    https://sebsauvage.net/paste/?3aa42e8d9dfed8ef#3WbWNFUHHDl0y38O9xSJOeQUHs2kEAAcdsQQnmANc4=
    https://tech.io/snippet/LnemiAq
    https://tech.io/snippet/70XG7KU
    https://tech.io/snippet/P3QECsk

  • Pipisakiet

    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093031146962216&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093031560962216&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093031674962216&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093032292962216&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093032502962216&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093032922962216&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093033324962216&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093033516962216&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093033828962216&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093033984962216&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093034266962216&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093034524962216&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093034872962216&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093035142962216&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093035244962216&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093035382962216&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093035562962216&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093035688962216&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093035796962216&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093036018962216&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095303484958556&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095303922958556&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095304522958556&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095305482958556&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095306082958556&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095306502958556&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095306682958556&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095306982958556&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095307444958556&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095308236958556&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095308626958556&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095309172958556&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095309640958556&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095310078958556&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095310678958556&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095311200958556&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095311446958556&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095311878958556&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095312172958556&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095312328958556&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109453338942026&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109454076942026&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109455006942026&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109456446942026&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109457118942026&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109457826942026&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109458168942026&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109458648942026&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109459056942026&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109459650942026&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109460052942026&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109460604942026&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109461288942026&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109461714942026&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109462572942026&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109462896942026&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109463592942026&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109464300942026&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109464582942026&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109464900942026&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102565344945129&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102565548945129&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102565800945129&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102566016945129&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102566286945129&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102566598945129&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102567102945129&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102567666945129&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102567996945129&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102568548945129&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102569178945129&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102569670945129&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102570882945129&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102571236945129&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102571692945129&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102572016945129&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102572346945129&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102572880945129&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102573126945129&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102573384945129&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107612178940999&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107612538940999&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107612970940999&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107613198940999&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107613426940999&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107613660940999&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107614152940999&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107614950940999&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107616738940999&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107617086940999&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107617908940999&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107618418940999&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107619690940999&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107620458940999&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107620932940999&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107621448940999&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107622018940999&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107622678940999&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107623410940999&type=3
    https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107623956940999&type=3

  • Aprodisidak

    https://www.facebook.com/ElisaWijayantiCute/photos_albums
    https://www.facebook.com/yaamineere/photos_albums
    https://www.facebook.com/BijoyRamnarine/photos_albums
    https://www.facebook.com/tulaseekaur/photos_albums
    https://www.facebook.com/TejaswaniSwaminathan/photos_albums
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093031146962216&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093031560962216&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093031674962216&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093032292962216&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093032502962216&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093032922962216&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093033324962216&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093033516962216&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093033828962216&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093033984962216&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093034266962216&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093034524962216&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093034872962216&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093035142962216&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093035244962216&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093035382962216&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093035562962216&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093035688962216&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093035796962216&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122093036018962216&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095303484958556&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095303922958556&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095304522958556&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095305482958556&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095306082958556&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095306502958556&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095306682958556&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095306982958556&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095307444958556&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095308236958556&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095308626958556&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095309172958556&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095309640958556&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095310078958556&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095310678958556&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095311200958556&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095311446958556&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095311878958556&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095312172958556&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122095312328958556&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109453338942026&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109454076942026&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109455006942026&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109456446942026&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109457118942026&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109457826942026&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109458168942026&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109458648942026&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109459056942026&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109459650942026&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109460052942026&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109460604942026&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109461288942026&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109461714942026&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109462572942026&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109462896942026&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109463592942026&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109464300942026&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109464582942026&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122109464900942026&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102565344945129&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102565548945129&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102565800945129&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102566016945129&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102566286945129&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102566598945129&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102567102945129&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102567666945129&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102567996945129&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102568548945129&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102569178945129&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102569670945129&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102570882945129&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102571236945129&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102571692945129&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102572016945129&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102572346945129&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102572880945129&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102573126945129&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122102573384945129&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107612178940999&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107612538940999&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107612970940999&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107613198940999&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107613426940999&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107613660940999&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107614152940999&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107614950940999&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107616738940999&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107617086940999&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107617908940999&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107618418940999&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107619690940999&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107620458940999&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107620932940999&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107621448940999&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107622018940999&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107622678940999&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107623410940999&type=3
    https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.122107623956940999&type=3

Leave a comment

BLOG